BIO 201 Exam 1

What body cavities are contained within the Dorsal body cavity

Cranial and vertebral cavity

What body cavities are contained within the Ventral body cavity?

Thoracic and Abdominopelvic cavities

What body parts are contained within the Thoracic cavity?

The lungs and heart

What body part is contained within the Abdominal cavity?

Digestive viscera

What Serous Membrane is CLOSEST to the body walls?

The Parietal serosae

What organs are contained within the Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)?

Liver, Gallbladder

What organs are contained within the Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)?

Appendix

What organs are contained within the Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)?

Stomach and Spleen

What organs are contained within the Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)?

Stigmoid Colon

What allows select substances to pass in or out of openins in the border of the nucleus called

Nucleus pores

What parts of the body are apart of the Integumentary System?

Hair, Skin, and Nails

What does the Integumentary System do?

cover the body, protect tiddues, creates sweat and oil, has cutaneous receptors

What does the Endocrine System do?

regulates growth, reproduction, and metabolism

What does the Lymphatic System do?

Picks up leaked fluid and returns it to the blood, disposes of debris, houses the WBC and attacks against foreign substances

What does the Urinary System do?

Eliminates nitrogenous wastes, regulates water/ electrolyes, and acid-base balance,

How does a concentration gradient look in diffusion?

Higher concentration to lower concentration

What are variables that effect the rate of diffusion?

Concentration gradient, permeabilitity to the substance, temperature of solution, molecule size, and membrane surface area

Does having a larger concentration gradient negatively or positively effect the rate of diffusion?

Positively

Does having a larger permeabilitity to the substance negatively or positively effect the rate of diffusion?

Positively

Does having a larger temperature of solution negatively or positively effect the rate of diffusion?

Positively

Does having a smaller molecule size negatively or positively effect the rate of diffusion?

Positively

Does having a larger membrane surface area negatively or positively effect the rate of diffusion?

Negatively

What molecules are permeable to the Plasma Membrane?

Non-Polar (hydrophobic) and very small molecules

What molecules are non-permeable to the Plasma Membrane?

Large, Polar, and Ions

What can diffuse through the Plasma Membrane?

Fatty Acids, vitamins, steroids, Oxygen, CO2, Water

What cannot diffuse through the Plasma Membrane?

Ions, Polar Molecules like glucose

What is channel mediated facilitated diffusion used for?

An open channel for Ions to go with the concentration gradient via diffusion in the form of cytoplasm

What is carrier mediated facilitated diffusion used for?

Larger molecules to reach across the plasma membrane like glucose and amino acids

What is Phagocytosis

Cell eating through exocytosis

What cell types use Phagocytosis?

Immune Cells

What is Pinocytosis

Cell drinking

What cell types use Pinocytosis?

Nutrient absorbing ones found in the GI tract

How are large particles consumed via phagocytosis?

Vacuoles

How is extracellular fluid contained within pinocytosis?

Vesicles

With Receptor-mediated endocytosis what is mainly absorbed?

Iron and viruses

What is created in result from receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Coated vesicles

How is a coated vesicle made?

a Ligand binds to a receptor in receptor-mediated endocytosis

What is the most common example of exocytosis?

Proteins

With the NA / K ATP Pump, what goes in and what goes out?

3 Na goes out and 2 K goes in

What direction is symport moving different molecules?

The same direction

What direction is antimport moving different molecules?

different directions

What are all apart of Integral Proteins?

Receptors, enzymes, leak ion channels, gated ion channels, cell- identity markers, and cell adhesion molecules

Do Tight Junctions allow for any substances to pass through?

No

What is the surface specialzation of Cilia

It is hair like structure that beats in unison, often found in the respiratory system

What is the surface specialzation of Microvili

It increases the surface area of a cell membrane; allowing for rapid diffusion from the GI tract

What does the Cytoplasm contain?

Everything inside the cell besides the Nucleus

What does Cytosol contain?

The liquid inside the cell

What function is provided by the Cytoskeleton

Cell structrure, movements, motore proteins transport and a latticework of microfilaments and tubules

What function is provided by Lysosomes?

They are the “garbage collectores”, meaning they digest materials

What function is provided by Peroxisomes?

They are used for detoxification within the body

What function is provided by Robosomes?

Creates protiens, found in ER, And mRNA

What function is provided by Smooth ER?

Produces lipids, steroid syntehsis and inactivation, detoxification and stores Ca

What function is provided by Golgi Complex

Modified protiens and lipids, adds and removes sugars for activation for external secretion

What is the functionality of nuclear pores?

allow for hormones to enter the nuclear envelope and mRNA to leave

What does DNA wind around?

Histone spools

What does the spooling create?

Nucleosomes

Where does genetic TRANSCRIPTION take place?

In the nucleus

Where does genetic TRANSLATION take place?

In the Cytoplasm