AB PSYCH

A rapid-onset, fluctuating disturbance in attention and awareness, typically caused by an underlying medical condition, substance intoxication/withdrawal, or medication side effects.

Delirium

Evidence of significant cognitive decline from a previous level of performance in one or more cognitive domains (complex attention, executive function, learning and memory, language, perceptual-motor, or social cognition)

Neurocognitive Disorders

Characterized by a significant cognitive decline from a previous level of performance in one or more cognitive domains. The deficits must interfere with the individual's independence in daily activities (e.g., requiring assistance with paying bills or managing medications).

Major Neurocognitive disorders (Dimentia)

Frontotemporal dimentia is commonly diagnosed at?

45 to 64

Young onset dimentia is what age?

30-40

The most common cause of major NCD. It is characterized by an insidious (gradual) onset and progressive decline, primarily targeting learning and memory first. Pathologically, it is marked by the accumulation of extracellular amyloid-beta plaques and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles.

Alzhimers’s

is a group of rare, progressive brain diseases that damage the frontal and temporal lobes.

Frontotemporal

Frontotemporal dementia have two variants:

These are?

• characterized by profound changes in personality, apathy, loss of empathy, and disinhibition

• progressive non-fluent aphasia or semantic decline

Behavioral and language variant

Characterized by the abnormal buildup of alpha-synuclein protein deposits (Lewy bodies) in neurons. Globally, its hallmark symptoms include fluctuating cognition (pronounced shifts in attention and alertness), recurrent detailed visual hallucinations, and spontaneous features of parkinsonism (slowness, tremors, rigidity) and sleep disturbances. Insidious and gradual.

Lewy Body

Lewy Body is also known as ___________

Alpha Synuclein

To be clear in diagnosing NCD with parkinson’s and NCD with Lewy body, pakinson’s decease must be present for at least _________ before the cognitive decline

1 year

If the cognitive decline happened within 1 year of the movement symptoms of parkinsons, the diagnosis should be?

Either NCD with parkinsons or Lewy bodies

An autosomal-dominant genetic disorder caused by a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the HTT gene. It presents with a classic triad of motor changes (involuntary, jerky movements known as chorea), psychiatric disturbances (often severe depression or irritability), and progressive executive dysfunction that eventually leads to dementia.

Huntington’s decease

A hallmark of huntington’s disease involuntary, uncoordinated, "dance-like" body movements. As the disease advances, movements can become more extreme, followed by muscle rigidity (stiffness) and severe difficulty walking, swallowing, and speaking.

Chorea

cognitive decline caused by cerebrovascular disease, such as stroke and micro-stroke. It can be gradual, stepwise, or acute ex. stroke

Vascular NCD

Cognitive decline that persist past the acute post-concussive period, attributable to a single impact, rapid acceleration/deceleration, or penetrating brain injury. Must be immediately present.

NCD due to TBI

Cognitive deficits extending beyond the periods of acute intoxication or withdrawal from substance use or prolonged exposure to medication

Substance induced NCD

Cognitive decline caused by damages from the HIV Virus invading the CNS. This is known as?

HAND or HIV associated neurocognitive disorder

NCD caused by malformed proteins that accumulate and destroy brain tissues. It features a swift cognitive decline.

NCD due to prion disease