Properties of Substances and Mixtures - Solutions, Spectroscopy, and the Electromagnetic Spectrum

These flashcards contain key vocabulary terms and definitions related to properties of substances and mixtures, focusing on topics like solubility, concentration, spectroscopy, and electromagnetic radiation.

Dissociation

The process that occurs when ionic compounds dissolve in water and separate into free-moving ions.

Hydrated

Condition of ions that are surrounded by water molecules but are free to move throughout the solution.

Electrolyte

A substance that conducts electricity in aqueous solution due to the movement of ions.

Strong Electrolytes

Substances that fully dissociate into ions in solution and are good conductors of electricity.

Weak Electrolytes

Substances that partially dissociate into ions in solution and are poor conductors of electricity.

Non Electrolyte

Compounds that dissolve in water but do not dissociate into ions and therefore do not conduct electricity.

Molarity (M)

A unit of concentration defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

Dilution

The process of reducing the concentration of a solute in a solution, typically by adding more solvent.

Chromatography

A method for separating mixtures based on the strengths of intermolecular interactions between components and the mobile phase.

Spectroscopy

The study of the interaction of radiant energy and matter, including how substances absorb and emit light.

Infrared Spectroscopy

A technique that measures the vibrations of bonds in molecules and can be used to identify functional groups.

Beer's Law

A relationship that states the absorbance of a solution is directly proportional to its concentration.

Electromagnetic Spectrum

The range of all types of electromagnetic radiation, arranged according to wavelength.

Retention Factor (Rf)

The ratio used in chromatography to indicate the relative distance traveled by a compound to the distance traveled by the solvent front.

Electromagnetic Radiation

A form of energy that exhibits wave-like behavior as it travels through space, and includes visible light, radio waves, ultraviolet light, and more.