ch 16 - Implementation and Quality Assurance

Approaches to quality assurance

1) securing total quality assurance by designing systems and software with a top-down, modular approach;

2) documenting software with appropriate tools;

3) using requirements traceability, and

4) testing, maintaining, and auditing software.

The Total Quality Management Approach

Emphasizes continuous improvement, involving all employees in achieving quality excellence and customer satisfaction through collaborative efforts

Six Sigma

A set of methodologies and tools used to improve business processes by reducing defects and errors, minimizing variation, and increasing quality and efficiency

1. Define the problem

2. Observe the problem

3. Analyze the causes

4. Act on the causes

5. Study the results

6. Standardize the changes

7. Draw conclusion

Responsibility for Total Quality Management

1. Management support & commitment

   1. IS quality circles

2. Develop standards for quality

Structured Walkthrough

Use peer reviews to monitor a system’s programming and overall development, point out problems, and allow the programmer or analyst who is responsible for that portion of the system to make suitable changes

• Work well when performed with SDLC

Top-Down Systems Design and Development

• A top-down approach is a method or strategy of analysis, problem-solving, or organization where the process begins at the highest conceptual level and progresses to the details. This approach often contrasts with the bottom-up approach, which starts with the details and works upwards to form a comprehensive view or solution.

• In-house programming done in bottom up approach makes it difficult to interface the subsystems so that they perform smoothly as a system.

• Top Down design allows:

  • Clear vision and direction

  • Simplified decision making

  • Easier management and control

  • Facilitates planning and allocation of resources

  • Improves communication

  • Quick implementation

  • Reduces complexity

Consulting Opportunity

Using STructure Charts to Design Modular Systems

Modular: Break programming into logical, manageable portions or modules

1. Easier to write a debut

2. Easier to maintain

3. Easier to understand

Structure Chart

• Recommended tools for desinging a modular top down system

Data couples

• Arrows with filled in circles

Control flags or switches

• Arrows with filled in circles

Service Oriented Architecture

• Combines Agile Solution and Object Orienteddevelopment methodologies to create flexible and reusable services that can be integrated easily.

• Standard for design

Documentation Approaches

Procedure Manuals

The FOLKLORE Method

Choosing a Design and Documentation Technique

Requirements Traceability

Behavior-Driven Development

Maintenance Practices

Auditing

Implementing Distributed Systems

Client/Server Technology

Network Modeling

Training Users

Training Strategies

Guidelines for Training

Conversion to a New System

• Conversion Strategies

• Other Conversion Considerations

• Organizational Metaphors and Their Relationship to Successful Systems

Security Concerns for Traditional and Web-Based Systems

Physical Security

Logical Security

Behavioral Security

Two-Factor Authentication for Improved Security

Special Security Considerations for Ecommerce

Implementation Concerns for the Internet of Things

Privacy Considerations for Ecommerce

Disaster Recovery Planning

Evaluation

Evaluation Techniques

The Information System Utility Approach