Art History and Philippine Contemporary Arts

Flashcards covering the history of art periods, genres, visual and performing art forms, and national Philippine awards for artists.

Prehistoric Art

Art from $30,000\text{ BCE} - 4,000\text{ BCE}$ that included cave paintings, carvings, and sculptures used for ceremonial or symbolic purposes.

Classical Art

Greco-Roman art from $500\text{ BCE} - 400\text{ CE}$ that emphasized balance, harmony, proportion, and humanism, such as the Parthenon friezes.

Medieval Art

Art from $400\text{ CE} - 1,400\text{ CE}$ dominated by religious themes, including Byzantine, Romanesque, and Gothic styles and illuminated manuscripts.

Renaissance Art

A revival of interest in classical antiquity from $1400\text{ CE} - 1600\text{ CE}$ featuring improved perspective and human anatomy by artists like Leonardo da Vinci.

Baroque Art

A dramatic and emotional style from $1600\text{ CE} - 1800\text{ CE}$ focused on light and shadow, including artists Caravaggio and Rembrandt.

Rococo Art

A lighter, more decorative, and ornate style prominent in the $18^{\text{th}}$ century, featuring whimsical themes by artists like Jean-Honore Fragonard.

Modern Art

Art from $1800\text{ CE} - 1970\text{ CE}$ that broke from tradition through movements like Impressionism, Cubism, and Surrealism.

Contemporary Art

Art emerging in the late $20^{\text{th}}$ century ($1970\text{s}$ - present) characterized by diverse styles like Pop Art and experimentation with technology.

Realism

A mid-$19^{\text{th}}$ century movement responding to Romanticism that aimed to depict everyday life and ordinary people with accuracy.

Impressionism

A late $19^{\text{th}}$ century style focused on light effects and fleeting moments, using loose brush strokes and vibrant colors.

Expressionism

An early $20^{\text{th}}$ century movement, primarily in Germany, that conveyed emotional experience through distorted forms and bold colors.

Abstract Art

Art that moves away from recognizable objects to focus on color, form, and line to evoke ideas without direct reference to the physical world.

Surrealism

A movement influenced by Freudian psychology that explores the unconscious mind and dreams using bizarre and fantastical imagery.

Pop Art

A mid-$20^{\text{th}}$ century movement focusing on popular culture, consumerism, and mass media imagery, associated with Andy Warhol.

Philippine Contemporary Art

A constantly extending constellation of art that permits exploring subjects or mediums to express the Filipino sense of self.

Fine Arts

Artworks created primarily for their appearance and aesthetic value rather than practical use, such as paintings and sculptures.

Religious Theme

The primary subject for artworks in the Philippines during the Spanish colonization.

Portraiture

Art meant to commemorate personalities; it became a symbol of power and wealth for the Ilustrados during the Spanish colonization.

Genre

A painting theme that showcases people engaged in everyday activities and chores.

Free-standing Sculpture

Also known as "in the round," these are raised independently and can be observed from all points of view.

Relief Sculpture

Artworks that are raised from a background, classified as low (bas) relief or high relief.

Decorative Arts and Crafts

Artworks that are both aesthetically pleasing and functional, often stemming from traditional indigenous crafts.

Collage

A contemporary art form involving the combining and pasting of printed images and flat media on a surface.

Assemblage

A series of artworks created from a combination of collages, wood scraps, and other materials.

Mobile

Suspended artworks made with dangling balancing rods that carry elements meant to move.

Performance Art

A mix of visual and performing arts where the medium is the artist themselves and the artwork consists of their movements.

Installation Art

The arrangement of objects in a specific space designed to be experienced as a temporary work of art.

Kundiman

A product of Spanish colonization expressing love, affection, or patriotism, performed by both genders.

Harana

A traditional Philippine courtship ritual always performed by males to serenade a suitor.

Chamber Music

Instrumental music composed for a small ensemble of $3-8$ musicians, where each part is played by one player.

Opera

A sung drama that requires the collaborative efforts of singers, dancers, and musicians.

Protest Songs

Songs that bring light to social injustices and seeking to inspire nationalism and heroism.

Aerobic Dance

A dance routine exercise program consisting of three phases: warm-up, aerobic dance, and cooldown.

Ballet

A dance and theater art that follows a strict set of moves, with types including modern, opera/rock, and folkloric.

Street Dance

Vernacular, improvised, and interactive dances developed within urban communities in open spaces.

Stage Show (Bodabil)

A variety of acts including comedy, skits, music, dance, and magic shows.

Brechtian Theater

Also known as epic theater, it aims to stimulate self-reflection and recognition of social injustice in the audience.

Dramatic Monologue

A one-person performance where an individual actor acts out a character's thoughts and emotions.

Tula-dula

A minimalist "poem-play" where a narrator recites a poem while $2-3$ actors provide movement.

The Order of National Artist

The highest national recognition for artists in the Philippines, established in $1972$ and given by the NCCA and CCP.

National Artist Cash Award (Living)

A minimum cash award of $\text{PHP } 200,000.00$, net of taxes, given to living awardees.

National Artist Monthly Stipend

A minimum lifetime monthly stipend of $\text{PHP } 30,000.00$.

Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA)

The National Living Treasures Award, established by RA $7355$ in $1992$, to honor traditional folk artists.

GAMABA Qualification (Time)

The artist must be engaged in a folk art that has existed and been documented for at least $50$ years.

GAMABA Individual Benefit

Includes a gold-plated medallion, a $\text{PHP } 200,000.00$ initial award, and a $\text{PHP } 50,000.00$ monthly stipend.