apush unit 4 heimler

What significant event marked the peaceful transfer of power in 1800?

The Revolution of 1800, when Thomas Jefferson took office.

Which political party became the sole party after the Federalists declined?

The Democratic-Republicans.

What two factions emerged from the Democratic-Republican Party?

The Democrats and the National Republicans.

What major economic change occurred during the Market Revolution?

The interweaving of farming and industry due to agricultural and transportation technologies.

What technological advancements contributed to the Market Revolution?

The cotton gin, steam engine, and canals.

What change in the democratic process occurred during this period?

More men demanded the franchise unconnected to property ownership.

What was the significance of the Seneca Falls Convention?

It was a call for women's rights, particularly the right to vote.

What movement was sparked by the Second Great Awakening?

The early temperance movement, women's rights movement, and abolitionism.

Who was a prominent preacher during the Second Great Awakening?

Charles Finney.

What role did African Americans play in the early republic?

They were central to the society, with significant resistance to slavery.

What was the impact of the War of 1812 on the Federalist Party?

It led to the decline of the Federalists as a relevant political force.

What was the effect of agricultural technologies on American society?

They increased productivity and interconnected farming with industry.

What did the Second Great Awakening focus on?

The reformation of society.

What was a major result of the Market Revolution?

Increased economic interdependence across the continent.

What did the push for voting rights during this period signify?

A shift towards more inclusive democratic practices.

What was the relationship between the Second Great Awakening and social reform?

It inspired movements aimed at improving society.

What was the historical context for the rise of political parties during this period?

The realignment of political factions after the decline of the Federalists.

How did the Market Revolution affect transportation?

It led to advancements in transportation technologies like canals and railroads.

What was the significance of the Democratic-Republicans during this period?

They became the dominant political party after the Federalists' decline.

What did the early temperance movement advocate for?

The reduction or prohibition of alcohol consumption.

What was a key feature of the early republic's social landscape?

The growing demand for rights and reforms among various groups.

What time period does Unit 4 of APUSH cover?

1800 to 1848

What are the main themes of Unit 4 in APUSH?

1. Expanding role of the U.S. in world affairs 2. Transformation of society and economy 3. Growing democratic impulses

Who was elected president in 1800, marking a significant political shift?

Thomas Jefferson

What was the policy regarding Barbary pirates before Jefferson's presidency?

The U.S. government paid tribute to the Barbary states for protection of merchant ships.

What was Jefferson's stance on paying bribes to foreign powers?

He was morally opposed to it and ordered payments to cease.

What was the outcome of Jefferson's decision to stop paying tribute to the Barbary states?

Barbary pirates began attacking U.S. merchant ships.

What did Jefferson do in response to the attacks by Barbary pirates?

He sent the U.S. Navy to retaliate.

What is the difference between strict and loose constructionism?

Strict constructionists believe the government can only do what is explicitly stated in the Constitution, while loose constructionists believe in broader interpretation.

What significant land acquisition did Jefferson make in 1803?

The Louisiana Purchase

How much did the U.S. pay for the Louisiana Territory?

$15 million

What dilemma did Jefferson face regarding the Louisiana Purchase?

He was a strict constructionist and the Constitution did not explicitly grant him the power to buy land.

Who led the expedition to explore the newly acquired Louisiana Territory?

Meriwether Lewis and William Clark

What was the purpose of the Lewis and Clark expedition?

To explore the new territory, map it, and establish relations with Native Americans.

What was the role of Chief Justice John Marshall during this period?

He expanded federal power through key Supreme Court decisions.

What is the significance of the case Marbury v. Madison (1803)?

It established the principle of judicial review.

What was the impact of the Market Revolution on American society?

It transformed the economy and social structures, leading to increased industrialization and urbanization.

What was the Second Great Awakening?

A religious revival movement that emphasized personal faith and social reform.

How did voting rights expand from 1800 to 1848?

Through various reforms that increased suffrage, particularly for white males.

What was the significance of King Cotton in the South?

It became the dominant cash crop and symbolized the economic reliance on slavery.

What was the Age of Reform?

A period characterized by movements aimed at addressing social issues such as abolition, women's rights, and temperance.

What was the impact of the Market Revolution on American culture?

It led to changes in social norms, family structures, and the rise of a consumer culture.

What was the role of African Americans in the Early Republic?

They faced significant challenges, including slavery and limited rights, while also contributing to cultural and social movements.

What was the Society of the South during the Early Republic?

A social and economic structure heavily reliant on slavery and plantation agriculture.

What was the significance of the Era of Good Feelings?

A period of national unity and political cooperation following the War of 1812.

What were the causes of the Second Great Awakening?

Responses to social changes, including urbanization and the Market Revolution, and a desire for personal salvation.

What was the significance of Marbury v. Madison?

It established the principle of judicial review, allowing the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional.

Who was the Chief Justice during Marbury v. Madison?

Chief Justice John Marshall

What did the Judiciary Act of 1801 do?

It created 16 new federal judge positions, which were filled by John Adams before leaving office.

What was the outcome of Marbury v. Madison regarding William Marbury's commission?

Marbury did not receive his commission because the Judiciary Act was deemed unconstitutional.

What was the ruling in McCulloch v. Maryland?

The Supreme Court ruled that federal law trumps state law.

What was the War of 1812 primarily about?

It was caused by British impressment of American sailors, interference with American shipping, and conflicts with Native Americans.

What was the Hartford Convention?

A meeting of Federalists in 1814 to discuss their opposition to the War of 1812 and potential secession.

What was one consequence of the War of 1812 for the Federalist Party?

The Federalist Party declined significantly due to their opposition to the war.

What was the 'Era of Good Feelings'?

A period of national unity and political cooperation following the War of 1812, primarily under the Democratic-Republican Party.

What weaknesses were exposed in the U.S. during the War of 1812?

The lack of a national bank and inadequate infrastructure hindered the war effort.

What was Henry Clay's American System?

An economic plan that included federally funded internal improvements, protective tariffs, and a second bank of the United States.

What were the three main provisions of Henry Clay's American System?

1. Federally funded internal improvements (roads and canals), 2. Protective tariffs, 3. A second bank of the United States.

Why did President Madison veto the internal improvements provision of the American System?

He believed it would expand federal power at the expense of the southern states.

What was the impact of the War of 1812 on American nationalism?

It fostered intense nationalism as the U.S. had successfully defended itself against Britain.

What was the primary cause of the War of 1812 related to British actions?

British impressment of American sailors and interference with American trade.

What was the significance of the Missouri Compromise in 1819?

It addressed the balance of power between slave and free states as Missouri applied for statehood.

How did regional interests impact national policies during the early 19th century?

Regional interests often took precedence over national concerns, leading to conflicts over issues like statehood and economic policies.

What was the Federalists' stance on the War of 1812?

They were largely opposed to the war, seeing it as detrimental to their interests.

What was the effect of the War of 1812 on U.S. manufacturing?

The war stimulated American manufacturing due to disruptions in trade with Britain.

What did the War of 1812 reveal about the U.S. military?

It highlighted the weaknesses of the U.S. military and the need for better organization and funding.

What was the outcome of the War of 1812?

The U.S. did not lose territory and gained respect as a sovereign nation, but it did not achieve clear victory.

What role did Native Americans play in the War of 1812?

Many Native American tribes allied with the British against American expansion into their territories.

What was one major effect of the War of 1812 on American politics?

It led to the decline of the Federalist Party and increased dominance of the Democratic-Republicans.

What amendment did Congressman James Talmadge attach to Missouri's application for statehood?

The Talmadge Amendment, which prohibited slavery in Missouri.

What was the main concern regarding Missouri's admission as a state?

It threatened the balance between free states and slave states in the Senate.

Who proposed the Missouri Compromise?

Henry Clay.

What did the Missouri Compromise establish?

Missouri was admitted as a slave state and Maine as a free state, maintaining the balance in the Senate.

What was the significance of the 3630 line established in the Missouri Compromise?

It separated slave territory from free territory, allowing slavery below the line and prohibiting it above, except in Missouri.

What was the purpose of the Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819?

To limit Spanish influence in North America and establish the southern border of the United States.

What did the Monroe Doctrine declare?

It established the Western Hemisphere as a U.S. sphere of influence, free from European intervention.

What was the Market Revolution?

The linking of northern industries with western and southern farms due to advances in agriculture, industry, communication, and transportation.

What invention revolutionized southern agriculture during the Market Revolution?

The cotton gin.

What was the impact of the spinning machine on the Market Revolution?

It sped up the process of spinning cotton into yarn, enhancing production efficiency.

What are interchangeable parts?

Components that are made to be identical, allowing for mass production and easier assembly.

How did steamboats transform trade?

They allowed vessels to navigate both upstream and downstream, enhancing trade efficiency.

What was the Erie Canal?

A man-made waterway in New York that facilitated trade and transportation.

What role did railroads play in the Market Revolution?

They replaced canals as the primary means of transportation for trade, supported by government loans and tax breaks.

What demographic changes occurred in northern industrial cities from 1820 to 1840?

An influx of about 2 million immigrants, primarily from Germany and Ireland, who provided cheap labor.

What was the living condition like for immigrants in industrial cities?

They lived in crowded tenements with poor sanitation and rapid disease spread.

What was the Cult of Domesticity?

A societal norm that emphasized women's roles in childbearing and homemaking.

Who were the only individuals allowed to vote during this period?

Property-owning white males.

What was the Panic of 1819?

The first major recession in U.S. history caused by irresponsible banking practices and decreased demand for exports.

What was the significance of the election of 1824?

It led to a split in the Democratic-Republican Party and the emergence of two factions: National Republicans and Democrats.

What was the 'Corrupt Bargain'?

The alleged deal between John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay to secure Adams' presidency in exchange for Clay's appointment as Secretary of State.

What was the outcome of the election of 1828?

Andrew Jackson won the presidency, solidifying the Democratic Party's power.

What was the main disagreement between the Democrats and Whigs?

The scope of federal power.

What was the Tariff of 1828?

A protective tariff that heightened tensions between the North and South.

How did the Market Revolution affect women's roles?

It reinforced the Cult of Domesticity, limiting women's roles to the home despite economic changes.

What was the economic impact of the Erie Canal?

It significantly reduced transportation costs and linked the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes.

What was the significance of the Monroe Doctrine for U.S. foreign policy?

It asserted U.S. dominance in the Western Hemisphere and discouraged European intervention.

What was the role of the federal government in the development of railroads?

The government provided loans and tax incentives to support railroad construction.

What was the effect of the Market Revolution on agriculture?

It promoted the growth of western agriculture and increased interdependence between regions.

What was the primary source of labor for northern industries during the Market Revolution?

Immigrant labor, particularly from Germany and Ireland.

How did the Panic of 1819 influence political demands?

It led laboring men to demand voting rights to hold politicians accountable for economic failures.