monkeys

Stereoscopic vision

Overlapping fields of view providing depth perception.

Patagium (Dermoptera)

Skin membrane used for gliding in colugos.

Pectinate

Comb-like structure, especially in the dental comb of strepsirrhines.

Tritubercular

Three-cusped molar pattern.

Quadritubercular

Four-cusped molar pattern.

Bilophodont

Molar pattern with two transverse ridges (typical of many Old World monkeys).

Platyrrhine

New World monkeys: broad flat noses with side-facing nostrils.

Catarrhine

Old World monkeys and apes: narrow noses with downward-facing nostrils.

Ischial callosities

Hardened sitting pads found in some Old World monkeys.

Post-orbital plate

Bony wall closing the back of the orbit found in haplorhines.

Folivore (folivorous)

Leaf-eating dietary specialization.

Brachiator

Arm-swinging locomotion used by gibbons and some apes.

Habitat: Dermoptera - Cynocephalidae - colugos

forests

Diet: Dermoptera - Cynocephalidae - colugos

frugivore, herbivore

Activity Pattern: Dermoptera - Cynocephalidae - colugos

nocturnal

Lifestyle: Dermoptera - Cynocephalidae - colugos

arboreal

Behavior: Dermoptera - Cynocephalidae - colugos

may share shelters

Range: Dermoptera - Cynocephalidae - colugos

SE asia

Skull Characteristics: Dermoptera - Cynocephalidae - colugos

comb incisor, no post orbital stuff

Habitat: Primates - Strepsirrhini - Lemuridae - lemurs

forests

Diet: Primates - Strepsirrhini - Lemuridae - lemurs

herbivore to omnivore

Activity Pattern: Primates - Strepsirrhini - Lemuridae - lemurs

all day

Lifestyle: Primates - Strepsirrhini - Lemuridae - lemurs

arboreal

Behavior: Primates - Strepsirrhini - Lemuridae - lemurs

gregarious

Range: Primates - Strepsirrhini - Lemuridae - lemurs

Madagascar

Skull Characteristics: Primates - Strepsirrhini - Lemuridae - lemurs

tritubercular, POB, large orbit, diastema with large rostrum

Habitat: Primates - Strepsirrhini - Lorisidae - lorises

forests

Diet: Primates - Strepsirrhini - Lorisidae - lorises

insects to omni

Activity Pattern: Primates - Strepsirrhini - Lorisidae - lorises

nocturnal

Lifestyle: Primates - Strepsirrhini - Lorisidae - lorises

arboreal

Behavior: Primates - Strepsirrhini - Lorisidae - lorises

solitary

Range: Primates - Strepsirrhini - Lorisidae - lorises

AF+ASIA

Skull Characteristics: Primates - Strepsirrhini - Lorisidae - lorises

TRI/QUADtubercular, broad POB, temporal ridge

Habitat: Primates - Strepsirrhini - Galagidae - galagos

forests

Diet: Primates - Strepsirrhini - Galagidae - galagos

insect to omni

Activity Pattern: Primates - Strepsirrhini - Galagidae - galagos

nocturnal

Lifestyle: Primates - Strepsirrhini - Galagidae - galagos

arboreal

Behavior: Primates - Strepsirrhini - Galagidae - galagos

some form family groups

Range: Primates - Strepsirrhini - Galagidae - galagos

africa

Skull Characteristics: Primates - Strepsirrhini - Galagidae - galagos

POB present, weak temporal ridges

Habitat: Primates - Strepsirrhini - Daubentoniidae - aye-ayes

forests

Diet: Primates - Strepsirrhini - Daubentoniidae - aye-ayes

insect larvae

Activity Pattern: Primates - Strepsirrhini - Daubentoniidae - aye-ayes

nocturnal

Lifestyle: Primates - Strepsirrhini - Daubentoniidae - aye-ayes

arboreal

Behavior: Primates - Strepsirrhini - Daubentoniidae - aye-ayes

solitary/pairs

Range: Primates - Strepsirrhini - Daubentoniidae - aye-ayes

NE/NW madagascar

Skull Characteristics: Primates - Strepsirrhini - Daubentoniidae - aye-ayes

diastema with short rostrum, procumbent incisor, POB

Habitat: Primates - Haplorhini - Tarsiidae - tarsiers

Forest

Diet: Primates - Haplorhini - Tarsiidae - tarsiers

Insects

Activity Pattern: Primates - Haplorhini - Tarsiidae - tarsiers

Nocturnal

Lifestyle: Primates - Haplorhini - Tarsiidae - tarsiers

Arboreal

Behavior: Primates - Haplorhini - Tarsiidae - tarsiers

pairs/small groups

Range: Primates - Haplorhini - Tarsiidae - tarsiers

Islands of Southeast Asia

Skull Characteristics: Primates - Haplorhini - Tarsiidae - tarsiers

incomplete post orbital plate

Habitat: Primates - Haplorhini - Callitrichidae - marmosets & tamarins

forests

Diet: Primates - Haplorhini - Callitrichidae - marmosets & tamarins

insects

Activity Pattern: Primates - Haplorhini - Callitrichidae - marmosets & tamarins

Diurnal

Lifestyle: Primates - Haplorhini - Callitrichidae - marmosets & tamarins

arboreal

Behavior: Primates - Haplorhini - Callitrichidae - marmosets & tamarins

family groups

Range: Primates - Haplorhini - Callitrichidae - marmosets & tamarins

Central & South America

Skull Characteristics: Primates - Haplorhini - Callitrichidae - marmosets & tamarins

under 6 CT, tritubercular molars, post orbital plate

Habitat: Primates - Haplorhini - Cebidae - capuchins & squirrel monkeys

forests

Diet: Primates - Haplorhini - Cebidae - capuchins & squirrel monkeys

omnivorous

Activity Pattern: Primates - Haplorhini - Cebidae - capuchins & squirrel monkeys

Diurnal

Lifestyle: Primates - Haplorhini - Cebidae - capuchins & squirrel monkeys

arboreal

Behavior: Primates - Haplorhini - Cebidae - capuchins & squirrel monkeys

Gregarious

Range: Primates - Haplorhini - Cebidae - capuchins & squirrel monkeys

Central & South America

Skull Characteristics: Primates - Haplorhini - Cebidae - capuchins & squirrel monkeys

6 CT, complete POP, orbits large

Habitat: Primates - Haplorhini - Aotidae - night monkeys

forests

Diet: Primates - Haplorhini - Aotidae - night monkeys

omnivorous

Activity Pattern: Primates - Haplorhini - Aotidae - night monkeys

Nocturnal

Lifestyle: Primates - Haplorhini - Aotidae - night monkeys

Arboreal

Behavior: Primates - Haplorhini - Aotidae - night monkeys

Gregarious

Range: Primates - Haplorhini - Aotidae - night monkeys

Central & South America

Skull Characteristics: Primates - Haplorhini - Aotidae - night monkeys

6 CT, complete POP, orbits V large

Habitat: Primates - Haplorhini - Atelidae - howlers, spiders, woolly monkeys

forests

Diet: Primates - Haplorhini - Atelidae - howlers, spiders, woolly monkeys

frugivorous

Activity Pattern: Primates - Haplorhini - Atelidae - howlers, spiders, woolly monkeys

Diurnal

Lifestyle: Primates - Haplorhini - Atelidae - howlers, spiders, woolly monkeys

Arboreal

Behavior: Primates - Haplorhini - Atelidae - howlers, spiders, woolly monkeys

Gregarious

Range: Primates - Haplorhini - Atelidae - howlers, spiders, woolly monkeys

Central & South America

Skull Characteristics: Primates - Haplorhini - Atelidae - howlers, spiders, woolly monkeys

6 CT, complete POP, round skull

Habitat: Primates - Haplorhini - Cercopithecidae - Old World monkeys

savanna

Diet: Primates - Haplorhini - Cercopithecidae - Old World monkeys

Omnivorous

Activity Pattern: Primates - Haplorhini - Cercopithecidae - Old World monkeys

Diurnal

Lifestyle: Primates - Haplorhini - Cercopithecidae - Old World monkeys

Arboreal 

Behavior: Primates - Haplorhini - Cercopithecidae - Old World monkeys

Gregarious

Range: Primates - Haplorhini - Cercopithecidae - Old World monkeys

Old World

Skull Characteristics: Primates - Haplorhini - Cercopithecidae - Old World monkeys

robust, bony skull, 1st lower PM angled away from canine

Habitat: Primates - Haplorhini - Hylobatidae - gibbons

forests

Diet: Primates - Haplorhini - Hylobatidae - gibbons

vegetarians

Activity Pattern: Primates - Haplorhini - Hylobatidae - gibbons

diurnal

Lifestyle: Primates - Haplorhini - Hylobatidae - gibbons

arboreal

Behavior: Primates - Haplorhini - Hylobatidae - gibbons

monogamous

Range: Primates - Haplorhini - Hylobatidae - gibbons

Southeast Asia

Skull Characteristics: Primates - Haplorhini - Hylobatidae - gibbons

shorter skull, delicate, sagittal crest absent

Habitat: Primates - Haplorhini - Hominidae - great apes

forests

Diet: Primates - Haplorhini - Hominidae - great apes

Omnivorous

Activity Pattern: Primates - Haplorhini - Hominidae - great apes

Diurnal

Lifestyle: Primates - Haplorhini - Hominidae - great apes

terrestrial/arboreal(good climbers)