AP Psych Part 2

Few human behaviors are sufficiently automatic to qualify as:

A) instincts

B) needs

C) drives

D) incentives

instincts

Nancy decided to take introductory psychology because she has always been interested in human behavior. Jack enrolled in the same course because he thought it would be easy. Nancy's behavior was motivated by __________, while Jack's was motivated by __________.

A) intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation

B) drives; incentives

C) extrinsic motivation; intrinsic motivation

D) incentives; drives

intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation

The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion states that:

A) emotional experiences are based on an awareness of the body's responses to an emotion-arousing stimulus

B) the conscious experience of an emotion occurs at the same time that the body physically reacts

C) emotional ups and downs tend to balance in the long run

D) emotions have two ingredients: physical arousal and a cognitive label

the conscious experience of an emotion occurs at the same time that the body physically reacts

Darwin believed that

A) human facial expressions of emotion retain elements of animals' emotional displays

B) all humans express basic emotions using similar facial expressions

C) the expression of emotions helped our ancestors to survive

D) all of the above are true

all of the above are true

Which of the following statements concerning Type A and B people is true?

A) Type A people tend to sleep more than Type B people.

B) Even when relaxed, Type A people have higher blood pressure than Type B people.

C) Type B people tend to suppress anger more than Type A people.

D) When stressed, Type A people show greater output of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol than Type B people.

E) Type A people tend to drink fewer caffeinated drinks than Type B people.

When stressed, Type A people show greater output of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol than Type B people.

Electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus will cause an animal to:

A) begin eating

B) become obese

C) stop eating

D) stop copulating

E) begin copulating

begin eating

Few human behaviors are sufficiently automatic to qualify as

A) drives

B) incentives

C) needs

D) instincts

instincts

The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion states that:

A) emotions have two ingredients: physical arousal and a cognitive label

B) emotional ups and downs tend to balance in the long run

C) emotional experiences are based on an awareness of the body's responses to an emotion-arousing stimulus

D) the conscious experience of an emotion occurs at the same time as the body's physical reaction

the conscious experience of an emotion occurs at the same time as the body's physical reaction

Which of the following is a difference between a drive and a need?

A) Needs are physiological states; drives are psychological states.

B) Drives are generally stronger than needs.

C) Needs are generally stronger than drives.

D) Needs are learned; drives are inherited.

Needs are physiological states; drives are psychological states.

According to Maslow's theory:

A) the most basic motives are based on physiological needs

B) needs are satisfied in a special order

C) the highest motives relate to self-actualization

D) all of the above are true

all of the above are true

Darwin believed that:

A) human facial expressions of emotion retain elements of animals' emotional displays

B) the expression of emotions helped our ancestors to survive

C) all humans express basic emotions using similar facial expressions

D) all of the above are true

all of the above are true

Catharsis will be most effective in reducing anger toward another person if:

A) the target of your anger is someone you feel has power over you

B) you wait until you are no longer angry before confronting the person

C) your anger is directed specifically toward the person who angered you

D) the other person is able to retaliate by also expressing anger

your anger is directed specifically toward the person who angered you

Research on nonverbal communication has revealed that:

A) facial expressions tend to be the same all over the world, while gestures vary from culture to culture

B) most gestures have universal meanings; facial expressions vary from culture to culture

C) most authentic expressions last between 7 and 10 seconds

D) it is easy to hide your emotions by controlling your facial expressions

facial expressions tend to be the same all over the world, while gestures vary from culture to culture

Nancy decided to take introductory psychology because she has always been interested in human behavior. Jack enrolled in the same course because he thought it would be easy. Nancy's behavior was motivated by ________, while Jack's was motivated by ________.

A) incentives; drives

B) intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation

C) drives; incentives

D) extrinsic motivation; intrinsic motivation

intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation

Increases in insulin will:

A) raise blood sugar and trigger satiety

B) lower blood sugar and trigger satiety

C) raise blood sugar and trigger hunger

D) lower blood sugar and trigger hunger

lower blood sugar and trigger hunger

The instinct theory and drive-reduction theory both emphasize __________ factors in motivation.

A) psychological

B) cognitive

C) environmental

D) biological

E) social

biological

Homeostasis refers to

A) the setting of the body's "weight thermostat"

B) the tendency to maintain a steady internal state

C) the tendency to seek external incentives for behavior

D) a theory of the development of sexual orientation

the tendency to maintain a steady internal state

To increase employee productivity, industrial/organizational psychologists advise managers to:

A) deal with employees according to their individual motives

B) adopt a democratic leadership style

C) instill competitiveness in each employee

D) adopt a directive leadership style

deal with employees according to their individual motives

Which of the following statements concerning Type A and B people is true?

A) Type B people tend to suppress anger more than Type A people.

B) Type A people tend to drink fewer caffeinated drinks than Type B people.

C) Type A people tend to sleep more than Type B people.

D) Even when relaxed, Type A people have higher blood pressure than Type B people.

E) When stressed, Type A people show greater output of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol than Type B people.

When stressed, Type A people show greater output of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol than Type B people.

In order, the sequence of stages in the general adaptation syndrome is

A) alarm reaction, stage of exhaustion, stage of resistance

B) stage of resistance, alarm reaction, stage of exhaustion

C) stage of exhaustion, stage of resistance, alarm reaction

D) alarm reaction, stage of resistance, stage of exhaustion

alarm reaction, stage of resistance, stage of exhaustion

During which stage of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is a person especially vulnerable to disease?

A) stage of adaptation

B) alarm reaction

C) stage of exhaustion

D) stage of resistance

stage of exhaustion

According to Freud, ________ is the process by which children incorporate their parents' values into their ________.

A. reaction formation; egos

B. reaction formation; superegos

C. identification; superegos

D. identification; egos

identification; superegos

According to Freud, defense mechanisms are methods of reducing

A. anger

B. fear

C. anxiety

D. lust

anxiety

With regard to personality, it appears that

A. there is little consistency of behavior from one situation to the next, but significant consistency of traits over the lifespan

B. there is significant consistency of behavior from one situation to the next and significant consistency of traits over the lifespan

C. there is little consistency of behavior from one situation to the next and little consistency of traits over the lifespan

D. there is significant consistency of behavior from one situation to the next, but little consistency of traits over the lifespan

there is little consistency of behavior from one situation to the next, but significant consistency of traits over the lifespan

Which theory focuses on increasing desired actions and decreasing unwanted actions through classical or operant conditioning?

A. humanistic

B. social-cognitive

C. psychoanalytic

D. behavioristic

E. trait

behavioristic

Fred constantly complains that no one trusts him. In reality, Fred does not trust others. He does not really trust himself. The anxiety created by his own lack of trust leads him to subconsciously attribute that fault or responsibility to others. Defending himself by disguising his own threatening feelings and impulses in this way is called

A. projection

B. repression

C. denial

D. regression

E. reaction formation

projection

According to Rogers, three conditions are necessary to promote growth in personality. These are

A. high self-esteem, honesty, and empathy

B. genuineness, acceptance, and empathy

C. high self-esteem, acceptance, and honesty

D. high self-esteem, genuineness, and acceptance

E. honesty, sincerity, and empathy

genuineness, acceptance, and empathy

Projective tests such as the Rorschach inkblot test have been criticized because

A. they have low reliability and low validity

B. it is easy for people to fake answers in order to appear healthy

C. they were standardized with unrepresentative samples

D. their scoring system is too rigid and leads to unfair labeling

they have low reliability and low validity

An eclectic psychotherapist

A. uses a variety of techniques, depending on the client and the problem

B. uses one particular technique, such as psychoanalysis or counter-conditioning, in treating disorders

C. takes a nondirective approach in helping clients solve their problems

D. views psychological disorders as usually stemming from one cause, such as biological abnormality

uses a variety of techniques, depending on the client and the problem

A major criticism of the trait theory is that it

A. places too great an emphasis on positive traits

B. underestimates the importance of heredity in personality development

C. places too great an emphasis on early childhood experiences

D. overestimates the consistency of behavior in different situations

overestimates the consistency of behavior in different situations

Research on locus of control indicates that internals are ________ than externals.

A. more dependent

B. more sociable

C. more intelligent

D. better able to cope with stress

E. more depressed

better able to cope with stress

A psychoanalyst would characterize a person who is impulsive and self-indulgent as possessing a strong ________ and a weak ________.

A. id; ego and superego

B. superego; ego

C. ego; superego

D. id and ego; superego

E. id; superego

id; superego

Id is to ego as ________ is to ________ .

A. reality principle; pleasure principle

B. pleasure principle; reality principle

C. conscience; "personality executive"

D. conscious forces; unconscious forces

pleasure principle; reality principle

Which of the following is the correct order of psychosexual changes proposed by Freud?

A. oral; anal; phallic; latency; genital

B. anal; oral; genital; latency; phallic

C. oral; phallic; anal; genital; latency

D. oral; anal; genital; latency; phallic

E. anal; oral; phallic; latency; genital

oral; anal; phallic; latency; genital

With which of the following statements would a social-cognitive psychologist agree?

A. People with an internal locus of control achieve more in school.

B. "Externals" are better able to cope with stress than "internals."

C. "Internals" are more dependent than "externals."

D. All of the above are true.

People with an internal locus of control achieve more in school.

Suzy bought a used, high-mileage automobile because it was all she could afford. Attempting to justify her purchase, she raves to her friends about the car's attractiveness, good acceleration, and stereo. According to Freud, Suzy is using the defense mechanism of

A. projection

B. displacement

C. rationalization

D. reaction formation

rationalization

The humanistic perspective on personality

A. emphasizes the driving force of unconscious motivations in personality

B. describes personality in terms of scores on various personality scales

C. emphasizes the growth potential of "healthy" individuals

D. emphasizes the importance of interaction with the environment in shaping personality

emphasizes the growth potential of "healthy" individuals