Medchem Antifungals: Key Terms & Definitions Study Set

ergosterol

cholesterol

fungal cell membrane contains ___________ while mammalian cell membranes contain _______________

ergosterol

This is a picture of

cholesterol

This is a picture of ?

A. cell wall

D. ergosterol

what two things can be targets of antifungal agents with low toxicity to mammalian cells?

A. cell wall

B. cholesterol

C. cell membrane

D. ergosterol

false

True or false: fungal species are generally human pathogens

true

True or false: fungal diseases can be superficial and systemic

amphotericin B

What is this drug

nystatin

What drug is this

amphotericin B

nystatin

Name two polyenes

hydrophilic

lipophilic (hydrophobic)

the polyenes are macrocyclic lactones with distinct ___________ and _________________ regions

D. alcohols

The hydrophilic region of polyenes contains multiple ____________ and a carboxylic acid group

A. amines

B. amides

C. esters

D. alcohols

B. double

The lipophilic region contains, in part, a chromophore of multiple conjugated ___________ bonds

A. single

B. double

C. triple

D. hydrogen

ergosterol

cholesterol

polyenes favor ____________ over ___________ in the binding

C. polyenes

______________ bind to ergosterol within the fungal cell membrane resulting in the depolarization of the membrane and the formation of pores

A. azoles

B. allylamines

C. polyenes

D. echinocandin

C. polyenes

Which drug class exhibits concentration dependent killing?

A. azoles

B. allylamines

C. polyenes

D. echinocandin

B. amphotericin B analog

____________ was developed to possess potent antifungal activity while avoiding renal toxicity

A. amphotericin B

B. amphotericin B analog

C. nystatin

D. fluconazole

B. 14-A-methyl group

A key step in the conversion of lanosterol to both cholesterol and ergosterol is removal of the _________________ group

A. 13-A-methyl group

B. 14-A-methyl group

C. 15-A-methyl group

D. 16-A-methyl group

C. CYP51

What enzyme converts lanosterol to both cholesterol and ergosterol by removing the 14-A-methyl group

A. CYP 3A4

B. CYP 2D6

C. CYP51

D. CYP50

A. azoles

What antifungal agents target CYP51?

A. azoles

B. allylamines

C. polyenes

D. echinocandin

B. 2

Imidazole rings have _____ nitrogens

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

C. 3

triazole rings have _____ nitrogens

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

C. N3

The basic ______ atom of the azole binds to the heme iron of the CYP450 in the position normally occupied by the substrate: prevents substrate oxidation

A. N1

B. N2

C. N3

D. N4

D. all of the above

The inhibition of CYP51 results in

A. permeability changes

B. leaky membranes

C. malfunction of membrane-imbedded proteins

D. all of the above

A. azoles

The binding pocket of CYP51 is the basis to develop new generation of ____________

A. azoles

B. allylamines

C. polyenes

D. echinocandin

naftitine

terbinafine

Name two allylamines

B. allylamines

____________ occupy substrate binding pocket in squalene epoxidase

A. azoles

B. allylamines

C. polyenes

D. echinocandin

B. allylamines

_____________ are employed only in the treatment of fungal infections of the skin and nails

A. azoles

B. allylamines

C. polyenes

D. echinocandin

D. echinocandins

___________ can only be administered parenterally due to poor oral bioavailability

A. azoles

B. allylamines

C. polyenes

D. echinocandins

D. echinocandins

_______________ interfere with cell wall biosynthesis through inhibition of the enzyme B-1,3-glucan synthase

A. azoles

B. allylamines

C. polyenes

D. echinocandins

D. ibrexafungerp

___________ is an antifungal medication used to treat VVC. it is administered orally

A. tolnaftate

B. caspofungin

C. amphotericin B

D. ibrexafungerp

B. flucytosine

_____________ itself is not cytotoxic but, rather, is a prodrug that is taken up by fungi and metabolized to 5-fluorouracil by fungal cytosine deaminase

A. capsofungin

B. flucytosine

C. ibrexafungerp

D. tolnaftate