GCSE Geography paper 2 - Urbanisation

Urbanisation

The process of urban growth leading to a higher percentage of the population residing in towns and cities.

Advantages of Urbanisation

Improved economy, better services, and increased income due to more job opportunities in urban areas.

Disadvantages of Urbanisation

Poor housing conditions, unemployment, and increased pollution and congestion in both LEDCs and MEDCs.

Urban Sprawl

The expansion of urban areas into the countryside due to the high demand for living in urban areas and limited space for new developments.

Reasons for Urban Sprawl

Lack of space in urban areas for new housing, industries, and infrastructure, leading to outward expansion onto greenfield sites.

Advantages of Urban Sprawl

Companies benefit from locating in edge-of-town shopping centers, cheaper land with better access to transportation networks.

Disadvantages of Urban Sprawl

Loss of agricultural land and public open spaces, decline in traditional city centers' trade, and increased pollution and traffic congestion in rural-urban fringe areas.

Green Belts

Areas of green and open land on the outskirts of cities where urban development is restricted to prevent urban sprawl.

Brownfield Sites

Urban areas previously used for other purposes, such as old factories, which can be repurposed for new developments like apartments.