lipid & carb digestion

Triacylglycerols

Most lipids are ingested as

Glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Triacylglyerols are formed of

Emulsion

Within the stomach grinding and mixing converts lipids into a

Cholesterol, liver

Bile salts are amphipathic molecules made from … in the …

Gall bladder, cholecystokinin

Bile salts are stored in the … and are released by …

Bile salts

Molecules that insert into the lipid droplets in the intestine making triacylglycerides

Lipases, 2 FA’s and monoacylglycerol

The pancreas secretes … that attach to the surface of a lipid droplet and degrade a triacylglycerol into …

Bile acids, cholesterol, phospholipids, and bile pigments

Bile is made up of

Trypsin

Pancreatic lipases are initially in zymogen form activated by

Micelles

Free fatty acids and monoacylglycerols are transported to the membrane of intestinal cells in

Fatty acid transport proteins

Fatty acids and monoacylglycerol are transported into intestinal cells by transporters such as

Fatty acid binding proteins, endoplasmic reticulum

When FA’s and monoacylglycerol is within an intestinal cell … bring them to the organelle …

Triacylglycerol

Within the endoplasmic reticulum fA’s and monoacylglycerol in transformed intro

Proteins, phospholipids, and cholesterol, chylomircons

Once triacylglycerol is reformed in the endoplasmic reticulum, it associates with … to form …

Chylomicrons

Transport particle that leaves an intestinal cell bringing lipids into the lymph system then into blood circulation

Phospholipases

Enzyme that digests cell membranes contained within snake venom that causes the loss of cellular components

Proteolytic enzymes, neurotoxins

Aside from phospholipases snake venom may also contain … to form/digest blood clots. Or … to immobilize prey

Motion, Clive transport, signal amplification, and biosynthesis

ATP can only convert to ADP and lose a phosphate group by being used up by

Oxidation of the macromolecules or photosynthesis

ATP is generated from ADP due to

Energy is released, a phosphate is added to ADP forming ATP

When glucose and fat is oxidized to CO2, this occurs

Oxidation, reduction

… is the reaction when a electron is lost, … when one is gained

Reduced

The more … a carbon, the more free energy is released when oxidized