Anatomy and Physiology 2 Lecture Exam Two From Test Bank

The specific foreign substances that an individualʹs immune system has the ability to recognize

and resist is determined by?

D, individual genetic makeup

The bodyʹs first line of defense against the invasion of disease-causing microorganisms is?

B, skin and mucous membranes

Which of these lymphoid organs is found along the left side of the abdominal cavity?

E, Spleen

Which one of the following is NOT an autoimmune disease?

A, AIDS

Which one of the following is NOT true of macrophages?

C, they circulate continuously throughout the body

Describe the flow of lymph.

A, Toward the heart only

Which one of the following is NOT one of the four most common indicators of the inflammatory

response?

E, fever

Regardless of whether it matures into a B cell or a T cell, a lymphocyte that is capable of responding to a

specific antigen by binding to it is said to be?

A, immunocompetent

Allergic contact dermatitis following skin contact with poison ivy would normally lead to?

D, delayed hypersensitivity

The specific type of acquired immunity that a fetus obtains from maternal antibodies that cross

the placenta is called?

C, naturally acquired passive immunity

Which one of the following is NOT a mechanism that aids lymph return?

A) smooth muscle contractions within the lymphatic vessels

B) milking action of skeletal muscles

C) pressure changes within the thorax

D) the pumping action of the heart

E) presence of valves within the larger lymph vessels

D, the pumping action of the heart

The bodyʹs temperature-regulating ʺthermostatʺ that can be reset upward in response to

pyrogens is located in the?

E, hypothalamus

The specific antibody class that has the ability to cross the placental barrier and provide

immunity to the fetus is?

A, IgG

The inflammatory process begins with release of chemicals, which do all of the following

EXCEPT?

E, Stimulate release of lysozyme

Compared to the nonspecific chemicals that cover body surfaces and mucous membranes, the

specific body defense system is?

B, Slower

Which one of the following is NOT true of basic antibody structure?

E, the light chains are often differing lengths

Which one of the following is NOT a type of immunosuppressive therapy given after surgery to

prevent rejection of a graft?

B, gamma globulin

Vaccines are NOT for?

A, snake bites

B cells develop immunocompetence in the?

B, bone marrow

Which one of the following CANNOT be said about the history of immunity?

C, scientists of the mid1900s discovered the viral origin of AIDS

The relatively common autoimmune disease in which the thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroxine is called?

A, Grave's disease

Antigen presentation is essential for the activation and clonal selection of?

E, T cells

Which of the following substances is NOT typically perceived as an antigen?

A) pollen grains

B) virus particles

C) fungi

D) self-antigens

E) bacteria

D, self-antigens

Musoca-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) includes?

B, tonsils and Peyer's patches

Lymph from the left arm would return to the heart through the?

A, Thoracic duct

The process by which neutrophils are squeezed through the capillary walls during the

inflammatory process is called?

B, diapedesis

Which one of the following is NOT a method by which antibodies inactivate antigens?

B, chemotaxis

Which one of the following is NOT a type of lymphoid organ?

A) spleen

B) thymus gland

C) Peyerʹs patches

D) appendix

E) tonsils

D, appendix

Immune sera are used for all of the following EXCEPT?

A, tuberculosis

The process by which antibodies bind to specific sites on bacterial exotoxins (toxic chemicals

secreted by bacteria) to block their harmful effects is called?

D, Neutralization

Which one of the following is NOT true of lymph nodes?

D, they have valves similar to those found in veins

Which one of the following is NOT one of the antibody classes?

C, IgB

The lymph organ that programs T cells and functions at peak levels only during youth is the?

B, thymus

An isograft is a tissue graft donated by?

B, an identical twin

The fluid that is forced out of the capillary beds by hydrostatic and osmotic pressures and into

the tissue spaces is called?

E, lymph

Which lymphoid tissues trap and remove bacteria entering the throat?

B, tonsils

Which one of the following is NOT one of the nonspecific body defenses?

A, antibody production

IgA:

A) is passed from mother to fetus during pregnancy

B) is involved in allergies

C) is the most abundant antibody in blood plasma

D) can fix complement

E) is mainly found in mucus and secretions such as tears and saliva

E, is mainly found in mucus and secretions such as tears and saliva

Fever has the effect of doing all of the following EXCEPT?

C, stimulating complement fixation

The migration of phagocytes and white blood cells to an inflamed area along a chemical gradient

is called?

E, Chemotaxis

Tissues invaded by viruses, which attempt to replicate themselves by taking over cellular

machinery, secrete small proteins called __________ to protect nearby cells and hinder further

multiplication of the viruses.

E, interferon

What specific type of acquired immunity do vaccines provide?

D, artificially acquired active immunity

Which one of the following is NOT true of the constant (C) regions of antibodies?

D, they form an antigen-binding site

With immediate hypersensitivy, the antibody class that binds to mast cells and basophils that

trigger the release of histamine and other chemicals is?

A, IgE

The study of immunity is called?

C, immunology

The lymph tissues found within the walls of the small intestine are called?

A, Peyer's patches

Which lymphatic organʹs major job is to destroy worn-out red blood cells and return some of the

products to the liver?

E, spleen

Antibodies constitute an important part of blood proteins and are also referred to as

__________.

immunoglobulins

Antigens that produce abnormally vigorous immune responses whereby the immune system causes tissue damage as it fights off a perceived threat that would otherwise be

harmless are called __________.

allergens or hypersensitivities

Systemic (bodywide) acute allergic response caused by allergens that directly enter the

blood, as with certain bee stings or spider bites, is called __________.

anaphylactic shock

Cells studded with protein molecules found on our own cells that do not trigger an

immune response within us (but may within others) are called __________.

self-antigens (autoantigens)

The fibrous capsule of lymph nodes contains strands called __________ that divide the compartments.

trabeculae

(since I can't add pictures to the front of a card I will flip the next section)

The Peyerʹs patches are indicated by letter __________. (answer on front of next card)

(D) (see back of card)

Troublesome small molecules or incomplete antigens that may mount an attack that is

harmful rather than protective are called __________.

(haptens) (see back of card)

Peyerʹs patches and the tonsils are part of the collection of small lymphoid tissues that

protect the upper respiratory and digestive tracts from infection and are referred to as

__________.

(MALT) (see back of card)

The lymph duct is indicated by lettter __________.

(A) (see back of card)

The role of the __________ in the lymphatic system is to remove worn-out blood cells

and return some of the products to the liver.

(Spleen) (see back of card)

The process by which WBCs and phagocytes migrate to an area experiencing acute

inflammation is called __________.

(Chemotaxis) (see back of card)

A lymph capillary is indicated by letter __________.

(D) (see back of card)

The thymus gland is indicated by letter __________.

(B) (see back of card)

Killer T cells, which kill virus-invaded body cells, are also called __________.

(Cytotoxic T cells) (see back of card)

When an antigen binds to B cell surface receptors, it becomes sensitized (activated) and

undergoes __________.

(clonal selection) (see back of card)

Blood capillaries are indicated by letter __________.

(E) (see back of card)

The lymphoid organ that destroys worn-out blood cells is indicated by letter

__________.

(C) (see back of card)

The binding of complement proteins to certain sugar or proteins on a foreign cellʹs

surface is called __________.

(Complement fixation) (see back of card)

The tonsils are indicated by letter __________.

(A) (see front of next card)

(I will flip the cards back until it forces me to use pictures again)

Excess accumulations of fluid, which impair the exchange of materials within the tissues,

is called __________.

edema

When B cells encounter antigens and produce antibodies against them, we exhibit

__________.

active immunity

(I will flip the cards so that I can add pictures)

A lymph node is indicated by letter __________.

(B) (see back of card)

Lymph fluid and some plasma proteins originate (escape) from the __________.

(blood plasma) (see back of card)

The five major immunoglobulin classes are __________.

(IgM, IgA, IdD, IgG, IgE) (see back of card)

The process by which neutrophils squeeze through capillary walls is called __________.

(Diapedesis) (see back of card)

The binding of antibodies to specific sites on bacterial exotoxins or viruses is called

__________.

(neutralization) (see back of card)

Lymphatic collecting vessels are indicated by letter __________.

(C) (see back of card)

Harmful or disease-causing microorganisms from which nonspecific defenses protect

the body are called __________.

(Pathogens) (see back of card)

Lymph exits the lymph node via the __________ vessels.

(Efferent lymphatic) (see back of card)

AIDS cripples the immune system by interfering with the activity of cells called

__________.

(Helper T cells) (see back of card)

The lymphoid tissues that trap and remove bacteria that enter the throat are indicated by

letter __________.

(A) (see back of card)

(I will flip the cards back)

One effect of complement fixation that causes the cell membranes of foreign cells to

become sticky so that they are easier to phagocytize is called __________.

Opsonization

A tropical disease that results when parasitic worms clog the lymphatic vessels is called

__________.

Elephantiasis

The clumping of foreign cells, a type of antigen-antibody reaction, is called __________.

Agglutination

(I am flipping the cards back to include pictures)

The spleen is indicated by letter __________.

(C) (see back of card)

(I am flipping the cards back )

(T/F) The final disposal of cell debris as inflammation subsides is performed by neutrophils.

False

(T/F) The thymus gland, found around the trachea, programs certain lymphocytes.

False

(T/F) Memory cells are descendants of an activated B or T cell.

True

(T/F) The nonspecific defense by which complement proteins attach to sugars or proteins on the

surface of foreign cells is called complement fixation.

True

(T/F) Lymph in the right arm is returned to the heart via the right lymphatic duct.

True

Fever is a systemic response triggered by pyrogens

True

Allografts are tissue grafts taken from an unrelated person.

True

Like all blood cells, lymphocytes originate from hemocytoblasts contained within red bone

marrow.

True

The process that occurs when antibodies clump foreign cells is called agglutination.

True

Antibodies are also referred to as immunoglobulins.

True

Our immune system can be affected by severe stress.

True

Artificially acquired passive immunity is conferred when one receives immune serum for

poisonous snake bites.

True

Extremely weakened pathogens that are still alive are attenuated.

True

The tonsils, spleen, thymus gland, and Peyerʹs patches are referred to as mucosa-associated

lymphatic tissue (MALT)

False

The antibody a mother passes to her fetus is IgM.

False