Final Exam Study

The MC from the midterm that will have 5 questions on the final

Which of the following best exemplifies the principle of universality in human development?

Aurthur, a 9 month old, begins to crawl and soon begins pulling himself up on furniture

A theorist who argues that behavioral and emotional responses change as a direct result of particular environmental stimuli would likely be categorized as which of the following?

A behaviorist

A commissurotomy, which involve a severing of the corpus collosum, represents an extremely invasive way of studying which of the following

Lateralization

Mary has been pregnant for about 20 weeks. Her baby is now referred to as a(n)

Fetus

Excessive alcohol consumption during pregnancy can have dramatic negative impact upon the prenatal development of the child. Based upon this assertion, alcohol can be classified as a(n)

Teratogen

Which of the following is not associated with the general parts of human development?

decreasing differentiation

Which of the following statements about neural development in the early stages of life is UNTRUE?

A baby is born with all the synaptic connections that it will need through its lifetime

Of the following statements, information processing theorists would most likely endorse which belief

Humans process information through sensory registers, a working memory, and long term memory

The brain knows how to count to 10. He counts the coins he has in his pocket (2 quarters, 5 dimes, and 3 nickels) and states. “I have 10 cents” From Piaget’s perspective, Brian is;

assimilating the counting task

According to ____, to understand the course of development we must consider social interaction within the context of given culture, since children’s understandings and “sense-making” is often based on what is verbally expressed to them by others

Lev Vygotsky

Which of the following is the best example of a phoneme

The “kuh” sound in the word cat

Most teachers believe good that relationships with students’ parents are important. the view that there are many dynamic relationships between the various individuals in a child’s world, and that these relations together form important and interconnected developmental systems would be most closely associated with which of the following theorists

Urie Bronfenbrenner

According the Sigmund Freud, a child’s “sense of self” that starts to develop at around age 2 and that is based on the “reality principle” is which of the following?

Ego

A child is presented with a new toy that initially is greeted with great excitement. gradually, however, with repeated presentations of the toy the childs’s attention time get progressively shorter and the child appears less interested. Which of the following phenomena of early learning has occurred here?

Habituation

The theoretical work of linguist Noam Chomsky can be best summarized by which of the following?

The innate structures and constraints of grammar and language typical of all human beings

Which of the following IS NOT typically associated with children’s expanding abilities to use language?

Occlusion

The specific time during development in which particular event or stimuli would have the potential for the greatest consequence would be referred to as which of the following

A critical period

Twin children both have similar red hair, a characteristic inherited from their father. The hair color would be an example of which of the following?

Their phenotype

Helen is a Longwood student who sees her 17 month old niece when she is home from school. Helen notices the little girl tucking her dolls into “bed” on the living room couch, covering them with a cloth and singing a cute song to help the dolls go to sleep. TO Piaget, the child’s behavior would be an example of which of the following

Deferred imitation during the sensorimotor stage of development

which of the following IS NOT among the components of Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky’s theories

A spiraling curriculum design that builds increasing sophistication of concepts

SA: Imagine that you are attending a circus in which animals are performing. You notice the trainer giving the elephants a treat after they finish each trick. Using appropriate terminology, describe how a behaviorist would explain the trainers approach.

A behaviorists would say the trainers are using operant conditioning and using behavioral reinforcement.

SA:How did John Locke’s theories represent a decidedly “future-based” approach to how learning and development occur.

He believed that everyone was born with a blank slate and inherently good.

SA: What are “occlusion” tests and what did Piaget feel that they showed about a child’s cognitive development

child cannot see another perspective and point of view until they reach certain time/period of development

SA:Identify any TWO lobes of the brain and briefly describe the functions of these lobes

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

SA:Describe Konrad Lorenz’s ethological research and summarize the theories drawn from it.

Lorenz used his research to study the imprinting of geese. While studying this, he was able to theorize behavioral mechanisms of animals, and it was a process of development that geese could imprint on anyone.