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BIO 281 CH 8: special senses
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Eyebrows
shades eyes from sunlight, prevent perspiration from eyes
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Eyelids
protects from foreign objects and prevent drying
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Conjunctiva
produces lubricating & cleansing fluid
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what cranial nerve controls accessory structures of the eye? (ex. eyebrows, eyelid, conjunctiva)
cranial nerve 7
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Lacrimal Gland
exocrine gland, secretes tears (mucus, antibodies, antibacterial enzymes protecting eyes from infection) to moisten eyes
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3 layers of eye tissue
- fibrous tunic
- vascular tunic
- sensory tunic
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Fibrous Tunic
- outermost layer
- connective tissue w/ min. blood vessels
2 regions = sclera and cornea
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Vascular Tunic (uvea)
- middle layer
- thin connective tissue w/ numerous capillaries
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Sensory Tunic (retina)
- innermost layer
- 2 layers of tissue - outer pigment layer, inner neural layer
- 2 types of photoreceptors: rods and cones (colors)
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anterior layers of the eye
cornea and cillary body
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posterior layers of the eye
sclera, choroids, retina
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cornea function
light transmission & refraction
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Ciliary body
Iris: accommodation, controls light intensity
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Sclera
protection (outer layer)
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Choroids
blood supply, pigment prevents reflection (middle layer)
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Retina
(inner layer): photoreception & impulse transmission
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Pathway of light
cornea → aqueous humor → lens → vitreous humor → retina
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refraction
Bending of light
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Lens must ___ to focus on ___ objects
thicken; close
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Superior rectus:
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Lens ___ for distant vision
flattens
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Lens ___ for close vision
bulges
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In close vision, ciliary muscle ___, lens ligaments ___, lens more ___.
contracts; relax; convex
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In distant vision, ciliary muscle ___, lens ligaments ___, lens more ___.
relax; contracts; concave
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superior rectus muscle
rotates eye up and in
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inferior rectus muscle
rotates eye down and in
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medial rectus muscle
rotates eye inward
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lateral rectus muscle
rotates eye out
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superior oblique muscle
rotates eye down and out
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inferior oblique muscle
rotates eye up and out
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