Families and Households 1
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43 Terms
What type of sociologist was Murdock?
Functionalist
Was Murdock for or against family diveristy?
Against
How many societies did Murdock study?
250
Why did Murdock study many societies?
To identify common functions
What were the 4 main functions of the nuclear family that Murdock found?
Economic
Educational
Reproductive
Sexual
What does the educational function do for the nuclear family?
Teaches children norms and values
What does the economic function do for the nuclear family?
Ensures that children will have what they need materially
What does the reproductive function do in the nuclear family?
Produces the next generation of society
What does the sexual function do in the nuclear family?
Stablises relationships
Who argued the Functional Fit Theory?
Parsons
What was the family a unit of before industrialisation?
Production
What did industrialisation change about the nuclear family?
Family moved away from extended kin
Family became a unit of consumption
Developed clear gender divisions
What 2 main functions does the nuclear family now have according to Parsons?
Primary socialisation
Stablisation of adult personalities
What is primary socialisation?
Teaching of norms and values to children before they enter society
What is the stablisation of adult personalities?
Family relieves the stresses of everyday life
What are the 2 gender roles according to Parsons?
Instrumental role
Expressive role
What is the intstrumental role?
Fulfills the practical needs of the family
What is the expressive role?
Fulfills the emotional needs of the family
Who fulfills the instrumental role?
Men
Who fulfills the expressive role?
Women
What is industrialisation?
Where society changed to manufacturing instead of agricultural work
What is the geographically mobile workforce?
Families moving from their extended kin to find work
Why is the family a unit of consumption?
They consume products made by industries rather than produce them themselves
What type of sociologist is Parsons?
Functionalist
What type of sociologist is Engels?
Marxist
What did Engels argue?
The patriarchal monogamous family ensures wealth stays in the family
What type of sociologist is Zaretsky?
Marxist
What is Zaretsky’s 1976 study called?
Capitalism, family life and personal life
What did Zaretsky argue?
Proletariat family is maintaining capitalism
How did Zaretsky criticise Parson’s warm bath theory?
Men would take their stress out on women by abusing them - the family is a safety valve
What is the dark side of the family?
Men being violent towards their family due to the frustrations of everyday life
What type of sociologist is Benson?
New Right
How many babies did Benson study the parents of?
Over 15000
What did Benson conclude?
20% of cohabiting parents would break up within the first 3 years of a baby’s life as opposed to 6% of married couples
Is Benson for or against family diversity?
Against
What type of sociologist is Murray?
New Right
What did Murray argue?
An underclass was created due to the welfare state discouraging work
What type of sociologist is Firestone?
Radical feminist
What did Firestone argue?
Women are exploited because of their ability to reproduce
What is the reserve army of labour?
Women are only employed when there aren’t enough jobs filled by men
Who argues the feminist view of the reserve army of labour?
Benston
What is the Personal Life Perpective?
People have free will
What does Carol Smart argue?
Family goes beyond marriage and biology