Transgenic Animals in Modern Biology

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and concepts related to transgenic animals and their applications in biology, as presented in the lecture.

Transgenesis

The introduction of new DNA sequences into the germline, resulting in the production of transgenic animals.

Transgenic Organism

An organism that has become transformed after the introduction of novel DNA into its genome.

Transgenic Animal

Any animal into which cloned genetic material has been transferred.

Inbred Strains

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings over multiple generations.

Phenotyping

The process of observing and measuring the physical and biochemical traits of organisms.

Gene Targeting

A method to assess the functions of endogenous genes and gene regulators by silencing or replacing them at specific loci.

Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs)

Pluripotent stem cells that can be genetically manipulated and cultured in an undifferentiated state.

Homologous Recombination (HR)

A biological process used in gene targeting that relies on the exchange of genetic material between similar or identical DNA sequences.

CRISPR/Cas9

A genome editing technology that allows for precise modifications in the DNA of organisms.

Conditional Gene Modification

A technique to induce changes to a gene in a specific tissue or at a specific time.

Binary Trans-modulation System

A system that allows for tissue-specific expression of transgenes regulated by an inducer.

Collaborative Cross (CC)

A genetic framework of multiple inbred mouse strains used to study genetic diversity and disease susceptibility.

Nobel Prizes and Mouse Studies

Mice have contributed to more than 30 Nobel Prizes in Medicine and Physiology since 1905.

The 3Rs Principles

Refers to the ethical framework of reducing, refining, and replacing animal experiments in research.