The Individual Ch.1+9

co-morbidity

The presence of two or more mental disorders, conditions, or illnesses in the same individual at the same time.

Risks associated with long-term therapy:

-          Sometimes a therapist has taken a client as far as they can, and further progress may require time out or working with a different therapist.

-          It is possible that the emotional security provided by their therapist may inhibit a client from taking risks in their everyday life.

-          A therapist might deflect a client from talk of ending because they represent a valuable source of income.

cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT)

A type of psychotherapy that focuses on the connection between thoughts, feelings, and behaviours

Who is from the person-centred approach?

Roger

the attraction of very brief counselling

-          Its implementation can avoid the problem of long waiting lists.

-          Clients may also be encouraged and given hope by the assumption that they can make progress quickly.

front-load

Another variant on time-limited counselling that has, for example, three sessions in the first week, one in the second week, and then a final session one month later.

psychodynamic counselling

A focused exploration of your issues to help you feel and function better in a shorter timeframe.

psychodynamic psychotherapy

-          a deeper, longer journey into the foundations of your emotional life, aiming for more profound change.

narrative therapy

Is a collaborative approach that helps people re-author the stories they tell about their lives, so problems no longer define their identity.

long- and short-term therapy for therspists

Long-term therapy may be more comfortable (and, in private practice, more lucrative) for therapists – short-term therapy is harder work.

brief, intermittent therapy

‘interruption, not termination’ where the client is told that the therapy will pause when they believe that they have gained enough to proceed with their life at that point, but that they are welcome to return whenever they might wish to continue.

emotional geography

The ways in which mental health, well-being, and emotional healing are shaped by the locations in which people live and where they receive help.

possible explanation for the effectiveness of non-professional counsellors:

They are selected from a pool of naturally talented, untrained listeners and helpers in the community.

Evidence-based self-help resources (e.g., books, manuals) are typically based on

CBT principles

embedded counselling

The use of counselling skills and therapeutic principles and concepts by nurses, teachers, health workers, social workers, clergy, and others, whose primary professional role is not explicitly a psychotherapeutic one.

psychotherapy

Also known as talk therapy, is a form of treatment used in psychology to help individuals address mental health issues and emotional distress.

autonomous motivation

Relates to the extent to which a client chooses to attend therapy themselves.

curative factors

Also known as therapeutic factors, are the mechanisms or processes within therapy that contribute to positive change and healing for the individual.

primary prevention

Interventions intended to reduce the future incidence of a problem.

secondary prevention

Targeting those at risk, or who have started to show early signs of a problem.

tertiary precention

Interventions designed to minimise the negative impact of an existing disorder or problem.

asynchronous therapy

time-delayed (e.g., email counselling)

bibliotherapy

Self-help reading.

adjunctive therapeutic interventions or aactivities

When a client undertakes another form of help alongside their main therapy.

stepped care

Refers to a model for delivering mental health services where the intensity of treatment is adjusted based on an individual's needs and progress.

principle of relational autonomy

Each spouse in invited to accept responsibility for their own actions, while at the same time acknowledging that what they were doing happened in the context of what their partner had done or said.

non-maleficence

Refers to the instruction to all helpers or healers that they must ‘above all do no harm’.

beneficence

Refers to the injunction to promote human welfare.

justice

Primarily concerned with the fair distribution of resources and services, on the assumption that people are equal unless there is some acceptable rationale for treating them differently.

fidelity

Relates to loyalty, reliability, dependability, and acting in good faith. Lying, deception, and exploitation are all examples of primary breaches of fidelity.

utilitariaism

Refers to an ethical theory that emphasises maximising overall happiness and well-being for the greatest number of people when making decisions.
It is a form of consequentialism, meaning the morality of an action is judged based on its consequences rather than inherent rightness or wrongness. Essentially, the "best" choice is the one that produces the most positive outcomes for the most individuals.

process consent

Rather than assuming that informed consent is only a matter to be dealt with at the start of therapy, the practitioner routinely checks out with the client, on a regular basis, whether they feel they have sufficient information and are satisfied with the course that is being taken in therapy.

direct psychoanalysis

Included the use of violence, verbal assault, deception, and imprisonment.