Aarvin / chapter 2 cells

what is cytology

Cytology is the study of cells, specifically their structure, function, and behavior, as the fundamental units of living organisms.

what is cell theory

Cell theory is a fundamental concept in biology stating that all living organisms are composed of cells, which are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells.

who are the 3 scientists that came up with the cell theory

Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow

how are cells limited in size

A cell's size is primarily limited by its surface area-to-volume ratio, because as a cell grows, its volume increases faster than its surface area.

what does pro mean

As a prefix, pro- primarily means "forward" or "in front of", but it also signifies "in favor of," "on behalf of," "beforehand," or "in place of".

what does karyo mean

nucleus of a cell

what are fimbriae

Fimbriae (also known as pili) are hair-like appendages found on the surface of many bacteria, both gram-positive and gram-negative.

what is the nucleoid

A nucleoid is the irregularly shaped region within the cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell, such as a bacterium, that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA).

what does oid mean

the suffix -oid means resembling or like.

what does eu mean

"Eu" is a Greek prefix that means "good" or "well" in medical terminology.

how big are animal cells compared to prokaryotic cells

10 times bigger

what is the cell membrane

The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, is a crucial structure that surrounds all cells, separating the cell's interior from its external environment.

what does the cell membrane act as

The cell membrane acts as a selectively permeable barrier that controls what enters and exits the cell

what does semipermeable mean

allowing certain substances to pass through it but not others, especially allowing the passage of a solvent but not of certain solutes.

describe the phospholipid bi layer

A phospholipid bilayer is the fundamental structure of cell membranes, consisting of two layers of phospholipid molecules that form a selectively permeable barrier.

what does philia mean

In anatomy and other scientific contexts, "philia" (or its related forms like -philic, -phile) is a suffix derived from the Greek word for "love" or "liking" and signifies a strong attraction, affinity, or tendency towards something.

what does phobic mean

when some thing does not like

what are microvilli

Microvilli are finger-like membrane protrusions, supported by the actin cytoskeleton, and found on almost all cell types.

what is the cytoplasm membrane

The term "cytoplasm membrane" typically refers to the plasma membrane, also known as the cell membrane or cytoplasmic membrane.

what happens when too much waste product accumulates in the cell

When too much waste accumulates within a cell, it can severely disrupt cellular functions and lead to various problems

what do all living things need to be surrounded by

All living things need to be surrounded by a combination of essential resources for survival, including water, air, food (or a source of nutrients), and space.

what is the purpose of the phospholipid bi layer

The purpose of the phospholipid bilayer is to form a flexible, semi-permeable barrier that regulates the movement of substances into and out of cells and their internal compartments.

what are embedded protein

Embedded proteins, also known as integral membrane proteins, are proteins that are permanently embedded within the lipid bilayer of a cell membrane.

what are ion channels

Ion channels are specialized proteins embedded in cell membranes that create pores allowing ions to pass through.

what are transporter (carrier) proteins

Transporter (or carrier) proteins are integral membrane proteins that bind to specific solutes, such as ions, sugars, and amino acids, and undergo conformational changes to shuttle them across a biological membrane.

what are enzymes

Enzymes are protein molecules produced by living organisms that act as biological catalysts, speeding up essential chemical reactions in the body without being used up in the process.

what are receptor sites

Receptor sites are specific regions on cells, often proteins, that bind to particular molecules, such as neurotransmitters, hormones, or drugs.

what are recognition sites

In molecular biology, recognition sites, or restriction sites, are specific sequences of DNA that restriction enzymes recognize and bind to, in order to cleave the DNA molecule at or near that site.

what are side effects

Side effects are unintended or additional effects

what are 2 immunosuppressant drugs

corticosteroids, and prednisone

what is thalidomide

drug that used to be taken to help pregnant women with morning sickness but was also affecting the baby

what was the side effect for thalidomide

loss of arms and legs of the child

what is the nucleus

what is the nuecleolous

what are chromatin

what are chromosomes

what is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

what is the function of the (ER)

What is the function of the smooth ER

what is on the rough ER

what are ribosomes

what is the golgi complex

what is the function of the golgi complex

what are vacuoles

what are vesicles

what are lysosomes

what do lysosomes contain

what are lysosomes made of

what is autolysis

what are mitochondria

what is cellular respiration

what are centrioles

where can you find centrioles

what are two organnels for motion

flagella and cilia

what is flagella

what is cilia

what are two common places the cilia is found

lungs and