Psychology Intreventions and Disorders

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers various psychological interventions, therapy models, symptom definitions, clinical disorders, and stress-response concepts based on the lecture transcript.

Psychosurgery

An invasive intervention that may involve lesioning or lobotomy.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

A non-invasive intervention used for psychological conditions.

Electroconvulsive therapy

An intervention used for mental health treatment mentioned alongside psychosurgery.

Humanistic Therapy

Commonly referred to as person-centered therapy, which employs active listening and unconditional positive regard.

Dialectical Behavior Therapy

A cognitive-behavioral therapy commonly used to treat borderline personality disorder, emotional regulation issues, and self-harm behaviors.

Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy

A cognitive-behavioral therapy commonly used for anxiety, depression, and anger management.

Cognitive-behavioral therapies

Therapies which combine techniques from the cognitive and behavioral perspectives.

Cognitive Triad

A concept involving negative views about oneself, the world, and the future.

Behavior Analysis

The application of principles of conditioning to address mental disorders and developmental disabilities.

Exposure Therapies

A category of behavioral treatments including systematic desensitization, aversion therapies, token economies, and biofeedback.

Psychodynamic Therapies

Therapies that employ free association and dream interpretation to uncover the unconscious mind.

Cognitive Therapies

Therapies that may use cognitive restructuring or fear hierarchies to combat maladaptive thinking.

Nonmaleficence

One of the ethical principles involving the obligation to avoid harming others.

Delusions of persecution

Where someone believes others are out to get them.

Delusions of grandeur

Where someone believes they have special powers or importance.

Word salad

A form of disorganized speech involving stringing together words in nonsensical ways.

Catatonia

Disorganized motor behavior that can be experienced as excitement (a positive symptom) or stupor (a negative symptom).

Major depressive disorder

Involves severe depressive symptoms lasting at least two weeks.

Persistent depressive disorder

A milder but chronic form of depression where symptoms last at least two years.

Culture-bound syndrome

A psychological or behavioral condition that is specific to a particular cultural group or society.

Social anxiety disorder

Involves the intense fear of being judged or watched by others.

Taijin kyofusho

A culture-bound anxiety disorder experienced mainly by Japanese people.

Positive symptoms

Things that are added to a person's experience that shouldn't be there, like delusions and hallucinations.

Negative symptoms

Things that are missing from a person's typical behavior, like flat affect (lack of emotional expression) or catatonic stupor.

Biopsychosocial model

Assumes that any psychological problem potentially involves a combination of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.

Diathesis-stress model

Assumes that psychological disorders develop due to a genetic vulnerability (the diathesis) in combination with stressful life experiences.

Alarm Reaction

The first encounter with a stressor that triggers the fight-flight-freeze response via the sympathetic nervous system.

Tend-and-Befriend theory

Proposes that some people react to stress by tending to their own or others' needs and seeking connection with people around them.

Problem-focused Coping

Involves treating stress as a problem to be solved and actively working toward solutions.

Emotion-focused coping

Involves managing emotional reactions to stress through strategies like deep breathing, meditation, or medication.

Posttraumatic growth

Positive psychological changes that occur as a result of struggling with challenging or traumatic events.

Eustress

Positive stress that often ends up motivating an individual.

Distress

Negative stress that often can overwhelm an individual.