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What are the functional classifications of human joints?
Synarthrosis (no movement), Amphiarthrosis (some movement), Diarthrosis (freely moveable).
What are the structural classifications of human joints?
Fibrous Joints, Cartilaginous Joints, Synovial Joints.
What is a synarthrosis joint?
A joint where no movement is allowed.
What type of joint is a gomphosis?
A peg-in-socket joint where a tooth is held within a bony cavity by periodontal ligament.
What are the components of a typical synovial joint?
Articular capsule, synovial membrane, joint cavity, synovial fluid, and articular cartilage.
What is the function of synovial fluid?
Lubricates joints, serves as a shock absorber, and contains proteins and hyaluronic acid.
Define uniaxial joints.
Joints that allow motion around only one axis.
Give an example of a biaxial joint.
Metacarpal-proximal phalanx joints.
What movements does a ball-and-socket joint allow?
It allows movements around multiple axes.
What is flexion in joint movements?
A motion that decreases the angle between body parts.
What is the structure of the shoulder joint?
A ball-and-socket joint with a shallow glenoid cavity.
What are the common injuries associated with the shoulder joint?
Dislocations and rotator cuff injuries.
What is luxation?
The complete dislocation of a joint.
What happens in a rotator cuff injury?
Tears or strains of the muscles and tendons that stabilize the shoulder joint.
What are the injuries that can occur in the knee joint?
ACL tears, MCL injuries, and collateral ligament injuries due to impacts.
How does a lateral force affect the knee?
It likely damages the medial collateral ligament (MCL).
What defines osteoarthritis?
A form of arthritis caused by normal wear and tear on the joints.
What is the key characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis?
An autoimmune disorder that attacks articular cartilage.
What is an arthroscopy?
A minimally invasive joint surgery using a camera.
What does a goniometer measure?
The range of motion of a joint.
