Mesopotamian Empires and Hinduism & Buddhism Study Guide

A series of vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the study of Mesopotamian Empires and the foundations of Hinduism and Buddhism.

Assyrian Empire

Most powerful army in the ancient world, known for harsh rule and advanced military strategies.

Military Innovations

Technological advancements of the Assyrian Empire including iron weapons, siege warfare, cavalry, and organized army.

Nineveh

The capital of the Assyrian Empire, known for creating the world's first organized library.

Fall of Assyria

The Assyrian Empire fell when it became too large to manage, and enemies combined forces to destroy Nineveh.

Neo-Babylonian Empire

A revival of the ancient Babylonian Empire that reached its peak under King Nebuchadnezzar II.

Nebuchadnezzar II

King of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, known for building the Hanging Gardens and exiling the Jewish people.

Cyrus the Great

Persian leader who conquered Babylon, known for allowing exiles to return home.

Phoenician Empire

A sea-based civilization composed of independent city-states, known for expert sailing and trade.

Caste System

A rigid social hierarchy in Aryan India that determines job, marriage, and social life.

Brahmins

The highest caste in the Caste System, consisting of priests.

Purusha Myth

A myth that explains the origin of the castes from the body of the first human.

Hinduism

A religion characterized by beliefs in one universal spirit (Brahman) with many forms and the practice of reincarnation.

Four Noble Truths

Fundamental teachings of Buddhism addressing the nature of suffering and the path to enlightenment.

Asoka (Ashoka)

Mauryan emperor who converted to Buddhism and spread its teachings across Asia.

Nirvana

The ultimate goal in Buddhism, representing release from suffering and the cycle of rebirth.