Early Childhood Development Milestones

Flashcards for reviewing child development milestones from 12 months to 48 months based on lecture notes.

Between 12 and 18 months, what gross motor skill is typically achieved?

By this stage, children typically develop the ability to walk independently, showcasing improved balance and coordination as they navigate their environment without support. Key milestones include:

• Maintaining balance while walking without assistance.
• Changing direction and speed while walking.
• Starting and stopping smoothly.

Between 12 and 18 months, what fine motor skill is typically achieved?

During this period, toddlers refine their fine motor skills to the point where they can use their thumb and index finger in a coordinated manner to pick up small objects, demonstrating enhanced dexterity. Key Skills:

• Pincer grasp development for precise object manipulation.
• Grasping and releasing objects intentionally.
• Feeding themselves finger foods.

Between 12 and 18 months, what cognitive development milestone is typically achieved?

At this age, children begin to understand object permanence more fully and will actively search for toys or objects that are partially or fully hidden, indicating advances in memory and cognitive processing. Cognitive Milestones:

• Understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of sight.
• Engaging in simple problem-solving by finding hidden objects.
• Improved memory for recent events and object locations.

Between 12 and 18 months, what language development milestone is typically achieved?

Toddlers start to identify and name some body parts, showing growing language skills and an increasing awareness of their own bodies. Language Achievements:

• Identifying several body parts when asked.
• Following simple one-step directions.
• Expanding vocabulary to include familiar objects and people.

Between 18 and 24 months, what gross motor skill is typically achieved?

Children at this stage typically begin to run, although their coordination is still developing. This milestone marks a significant increase in mobility and physical exploration. Running Skills:

• Running in a straight line with increasing speed.
• Difficulty stopping or changing direction suddenly.
• Developing arm swing for balance.

Between 18 and 24 months, what fine motor skill is typically achieved?

A key fine motor milestone during this period is the ability to hold a crayon and scribble on paper, which helps develop the hand-eye coordination necessary for drawing and writing later on. Fine Motor Skills:

• Making random marks and lines on paper.
• Holding utensils for self-feeding.
• Turning pages in a book.

Between 18 and 24 months, what cognitive development milestone is typically achieved?

Toddlers can now complete puzzles with a few pieces, demonstrating improved problem-solving abilities and spatial reasoning. Puzzle Skills:

• Solving simple 3-4 piece puzzles.
• Trial and error approach to fitting pieces.
• Repeating attempts until successful.

Between 18 and 24 months, what language development milestone is typically achieved?

Children start using words more intentionally to communicate their desires and needs, reflecting an increased understanding of language use for fulfilling specific purposes. Communication Skills:

• Using single words to make requests (e.g., "More," "Eat").
• Naming familiar objects and people.
• Responding to simple questions with gestures or words.

Between 24 and 36 months, what gross motor skill is typically achieved?

By this age, children show noticeable improvements in their running coordination and speed, and begin to develop a more refined running form. Running skills include:

• Improved coordination to avoid obstacles.
• Increase running speed.
• Better balance when running and turning.

Between 24 and 36 months, what fine motor skill is typically achieved?

Toddlers can now mimic simple strokes with a crayon, such as vertical and horizontal lines, indicating better control over hand movements. Fine motor achievements:

• Imitating simple drawing strokes.
• Holding crayons and markers more effectively.
• Showing interest in drawing and coloring.

Between 24 and 36 months, what cognitive development milestone is typically achieved?

Children begin to grasp the concept of 'one,' understanding that it represents a single item—a foundational concept for early mathematical thinking. Cognitive understanding includes:

• Understanding the singular number of objects.
• Applying the concept of 'one' to everyday situations.
• Distinguishing between single and multiple object groups.

Between 24 and 36 months, what language development milestone is typically achieved?

Toddlers start combining two to three words to form simple phrases and sentences, a significant step in expressive language development. Expressive skills include:

• Creating short, simple sentences (e.g., "I want juice").
• Using a combination of nouns, verbs, and adjectives.
• Communicating needs and observations using simple sentences.

Between 36 and 48 months, what gross motor skill is typically achieved?

Preschoolers run with greater ease and efficiency, demonstrating better form and increased speed. Running capabilities:

• Achieving high speeds during running activities.
• Demonstrating coordinated arm and leg movements.
• Managing sudden stops and turns while maintaining balance.

Between 36 and 48 months, what fine motor skill is typically achieved?

Children develop the precision to cut along a line with scissors, enhancing their hand-eye coordination and fine motor control. Cutting skills include:

• Following a line with scissors.
• Opening and closing scissors independently.
• Developing control over hand movements while cutting.

Between 36 and 48 months, what cognitive development milestone is typically achieved?

Kids can now sort objects into groups based on similarities, reflecting advances in cognitive categorization and pattern recognition. Cognitive skills include:

• Sorting by color, shape, and size.
• Understanding classifications and similarities.
• Explaining the reasons for sorting choices.

Between 36 and 48 months, what language development milestone is typically achieved?

Preschoolers use more complex sentences in their speech, indicating an expanding vocabulary and a better understanding of grammatical structures. Language skills include:

• Using compound and complex sentences.
• Telling stories with a clear beginning, middle, and end.
• Engaging in conversations with multiple exchanges.