Test 1- Language development and disorders in educational settings

True or false: speech, language, and communication are synonymous terms to describe difficulties many children face in learning and interacting

false- sometimes used

the formal definition of speech

Speech is the neuromuscular act of producing sounds that are used in language

True or false- language is unique and universal to humans

true

True or false- it is impossible to have language without speech

false, it is possible

Write the definition of language used in the text

Language is a rule-governed symbol system for communicating meaning through a shared code of arbitrary symbols

True or false- it is possible to communicate without spoken language

true

write the definition of communication as defined by Owens

Communication is the process participants use to exchange information and ideas, needs, and desires

True or false- communication can occur without either speech or language being used

true

True or False- a language disorder can be pervasive or limited in scope

true

True or false- children who do not speak English as their first language could be identified as language disordered

false, should not be

Identify four related problems that might be experienced with children who have language and communication disorders, but who have no difficulty with cognitive functioning

academic performance, social interaction, cognitive functioning, and behavior

True or false- the key criterion in determining whether a language difficulty is serious enough to require intervention is the impact the problem has on the child and others

true

True or false- if a language problem is suspected, it is wise to ignore it for a while so as not to draw attention to it and it may just go away

false, not to ignore it; identify it early as possible

What is a phoneme?

the smallest linguistic unit of sound that can signal a difference in meaning

Define phonology

the study of the sound system of a language

Define morphology

the study of words and how they are formed

what are the smallest unit of meaning in a language

morphemes

a __ morpheme can stand on its own as a word with meaning

free

a __ morpheme can't stand on its own and only has meaning when it is attached to other morphemes

bound

An example of a bound morpheme

s, ing, ed

The variations in the pronunciation of some morphemes based on phonological rules are known as

allomorphs

Define syntax

The study of rules that govern how words are put together to make phrases and sentences

Define semantics

they study of how meaning is attached to the words and sentences of a language

the __ states that there are certain fundamental features of all words

semantic feature theory

according to Gleason, pragmatics is

the use of language to express one's intentions and to get things done in the world

relation principle

A response must be relevant to the topic

Quantity Principle

appropriate amount of information provided by the speaker

Quality Principle

truthfulness

Manner Principle

directness of the response

True or false- also included in meaningful conversation are those related to politeness familiarity and social status

true

the five elements of language are

phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics

4 processes of speech production

respiration, phonation, resonance, articulation

During the process of __ the vocal folds obstruct the flow of air from the lungs, causing the vibration necessary for speech

phonation

the process of __ occurs when the airstream is impacted by the articulators

articulation

True or false: the peripheral nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord

false, central nervous system

True or false- the forebrain (cerebrum) is divided into 2 hemispheres, each divided into 4 regions, each having a special function

true

True or false- in most people, language processing takes place largely in the left hemisphere

true

Explain what function happens in the Broca's area

organization of the complex motor sequences necessary for speech production occurs

Explain what function happens in Wernicke's area

language comprehension/ processing occurs

When does the "critical period" for brain development related to language functioning end, according to Lenneberg?

The critical period for brain development ends with the onset of puberty according to Lennenberg

although there are differing theories of language development, it is evident that the development of language and cognition depend on three elements

social interaction, language input, and neurobiological development

list the nine characteristics of child-directed speech

higher overall pitch; greater range of pitch, exaggerated intonation and stress, slower speech, more restricted vocabulary, more reference to here and now, fewer broken or run-on sentences, fewer complex sentences, more questions and imperatives, shorter conversation.