Hand and Wrist Joints: Radiographic Anatomy and Articulations (tori)

What is the joint between the two phalanges of the thumb called?

The interphalangeal (IP) joint.

What is the name of the joint between the first metacarpal and the proximal phalanx of the thumb?

The first metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint.

How many phalanges does the thumb have?

Two phalanges.

How many phalanges do the second through fifth digits have?

Three phalanges each.

What are the three joints present in each of the second through fifth digits?

Distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint, proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint, and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint.

What are the two types of joints formed by the metacarpals?

Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints and carpometacarpal (CMC) joints.

Which carpal bone articulates with the first metacarpal?

Trapezium.

Which carpal bone articulates with the second metacarpal?

Trapezoid.

Which carpal bone articulates with the third metacarpal?

Capitate.

Which carpal bone articulates with the fourth and fifth metacarpals?

Hamate.

How many bones are in each hand and wrist?

27 bones.

What are the three groups of bones in the hand and wrist?

Phalanges, metacarpals, and carpals.

What is the anatomical position of the first metacarpal?

It is on the thumb or lateral side of the hand.

What is the structure of each phalanx?

Each phalanx consists of a distal rounded head, a body (shaft), and an expanded base.

What is the significance of identifying joints in radiology?

Accurate identification is required to detect small chip fractures near the joint spaces.

What is the total number of phalanges in the hand?

14 phalanges.

How are the digits of the hand numbered?

Starting with the thumb as 1 and ending with the little finger as 5.

What is the primary purpose of understanding the bones and joints of the upper limb for technologists?

To identify and demonstrate each part on radiographs.

What is the composition of the metacarpals?

Each metacarpal is composed of three parts, similar to the phalanges.

What is the role of the proximal phalanx in the thumb's anatomy?

It articulates with the first metacarpal at the MCP joint.

What is the distal end of the metacarpals called when they articulate with the phalanges?

Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints.

What is the proximal end of the metacarpals called when they articulate with the carpals?

Carpometacarpal (CMC) joints.

What is the importance of the wrist and elbow joints in the study of the upper limb?

They are important for understanding the overall anatomy and function of the upper limb.

What are the three parts of each metacarpal?

The head, body (shaft), and base.

What is the shape of the anterior part of the metacarpal body?

Concave.

What is the shape of the posterior part of the metacarpal body?

Convex.

What is the function of the base of the metacarpal?

It articulates with associated carpals.

How many carpals are there in the wrist?

Eight carpals.

How are the carpals organized?

They are divided into two rows of four each.

What is the first carpal in the proximal row?

Scaphoid.

What is the significance of the scaphoid bone?

It is the largest bone in the proximal row and the most frequently fractured carpal bone.

What shape is the lunate carpal bone?

Moon-shaped.

Which carpal articulates with the radius?

Both the scaphoid and lunate articulate with the radius.

What distinguishes the triquetrum carpal bone?

It has three articular surfaces and a pyramidal shape.

What is the smallest carpal bone?

Pisiform.

Where is the trapezium located in relation to the scaphoid?

Medial and distal to the scaphoid.

What is unique about the capitate carpal bone?

It is the largest of the carpal bones and has a large rounded head.

What is the distinguishing feature of the hamate carpal bone?

It has a hooklike process called the hamulus.

What is the carpal sulcus?

A concave area formed by the anterior aspect of the carpals through which major nerves and tendons pass.

What does the term 'hamate' refer to?

It means hooked, describing the shape of the hamate bone.

What is the mnemonic to remember the carpal bones?

Send Letter To ME: Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate.

Which carpal is located anterior to the triquetrum?

Pisiform.

What is the shape of the trapezoid carpal bone?

Wedge-shaped and four-sided.

What is the relationship of the capitate to the scaphoid and lunate?

The capitate fits proximally into a concavity formed by the scaphoid and lunate.

What is the anatomical position of the carpals when viewed from the palm side?

The anterior or palmar aspect is concave, forming the carpal sulcus.

What is the significance of the carpal canal?

It allows passage for major nerves and tendons.

What are the carpal bones in the distal row?

Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate.

What are the carpal bones in the proximal row?

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform.

What mnemonic can help remember the carpal bones?

Send Letter To ME: Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Hamate, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate.

Which carpal bone is best demonstrated in the ulnar deviation projection?

Scaphoid.

What is the role of the radius and ulna in the forearm?

They allow for rotational movement of the wrist and hand.

Where are the styloid processes located on the radius and ulna?

At the extreme distal ends of both bones.

Which styloid process extends more distally, the radial or ulnar?

The radial styloid process.

What forms the distal radioulnar joint?

The head of the ulna fits into the ulnar notch on the distal radius.

What is the primary function of the ulna?

To form the elbow joint.

What are the two beaklike processes of the proximal ulna?

Olecranon and coronoid processes.

What is the trochlear notch?

A large concave depression on the ulna that articulates with the distal humerus.

What is the radial notch?

A small depression on the lateral aspect of the proximal ulna where the head of the radius articulates.

What is the radial tuberosity?

A rough oval process on the medial and anterior side of the radius, just distal to the neck.

What happens to the radius during pronation?

The radius rotates around the more stationary ulna.

What is the location of the head of the radius?

At the proximal end of the radius near the elbow joint.

What is the body (shaft) of the radius and ulna?

The long midportion of both bones.

What is the significance of the hamulus process of the hamate?

It is visible on the carpal canal projection and can be seen in the radial deviation radiograph.

Which carpal bones are located on the ulnar side of the wrist?

Hamate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Lunate.

What is the primary difference between the radius and ulna in terms of wrist joint involvement?

The radius is directly involved in the wrist joint, while the ulna is not.

What is the function of the proximal and distal radioulnar joints?

They allow for rotation of the forearm during pronation.

How can the olecranon process be palpated?

It can be easily felt on the posterior aspect of the elbow joint.

What is the coronoid tubercle?

The medial margin of the coronoid process opposite the radial notch.

What is the anatomical position of the radius compared to the ulna?

The radius is on the lateral (thumb) side, while the ulna is on the medial side.