Electron Transport Chain

The Electron Transport Chain (ETC) in inner mitochondrial membrane energizes the ___ ___ enzyme to make ATP

ATP Synthase

___ & ___ molecules supply energy-rich electrons to the ETC

FADH2 & NADH

Energy is ___ when an electron (e-) moves among the ETC molecules

Released

Energy released during the electron flow is used to transport ___ ions, also called ___, across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Hydrogen (H+); Protons

H+ ion transport form a “___ ___ of ___ ions” across the inner mitochondrial membrane that energizes the ___ ___ enzyme to make ATP

“Concentration Gradient of Hydrogen ions” (H+)

ATP Synthase

The Electron Transport Chain generates what across the inner mitochondrial membrane?

The Hydrogen Ion Concentration Gradient

The H+ Ion Concentration Gradient is an…

Energy Source

The electron flow energizes what to transport H+ ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the intermembrane space?

3 ETC Protein Complexes

The Hydrogen Ion (H+) concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane energizes what?

ATP Synthase Enzyme

Each ATP Synthase Enzyme makes ~___ ATP molecules/second

400

ATP Synthase enzymes consist of ___ parts

Two

The F0 part is the ___ protein through which ___ ions diffuse

Channel; H+

The F1 part is the catalytic subunit whose ___ ___ adds ___ to ADP to make ATP

Active Site; PO4

The diffusion of H+ ions through __ part activates the ___ part

F0; F1

___ is a lethal metabolic poison inhibits the Cytochrome C Oxidase enzyme complex in ETC

Cyanide (CN)

Cyanide inhibits ___

Cytochrome C Oxidase

Cyanide inhibits Cytochrome C Oxidase to eliminate

___ ___ through the ETC

___ formation

ATP Synthesis by ___ ___

Electron Flow

H+ Ion Concentration Gradient

ATP Synthase

Dinitrophenol (DNP) ___ ATP Synthesis

Reduces

DNP reduces the ___ of the H+ ion concentration gradient

Magnitude

DNP ___ to H+ ions & transports them across the inner mitochondrial membrane

binds

By reducing the magnitude of the H+ Ion Concentration Gradient, the DNP causes ___ H+ ions to be available to active ATP Synthase

Fewer

DNP “___” ATP Synthesis from electron flow in the ETC

Uncouples

Due to the impact of DNP, ___ ATP molecules are made from each calorie of food consumed.

Less

___ changes mitochondria biology

Dinitrophenol (DNP)

Safe does of ___ are under investigation as treatments for metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer’s, HD, MS, Parkinson’s) and obesity

DNP

O2 removes electrons from the ETC to enable the…

Electrons to continue ___ through the ETC

H+ Ion Concentration Gradient to continue ___

Continued ___ of ATP Synthase to make ATP

Flowing

Forming

Activation

What uses electrons from the ETC to convert O2 to water (H2O) to enable electron flow?

The Cytochrome C Oxidase Enzyme Complex