SEHS UNIT 1.1 - The Skeletal System

Inferior

away from head or upper body

Superior

toward head or upper body

Proximal

closer to body or attachment point

Distal

farther from body or attachment point

Medial

toward midline of the body

Lateral

away from the midline of the body

Posterior

toward the back of the body

Anterior

toward the front of the body

Role of Axial Skeleton

protection, shape and support, muscle attachment

Role of Appendicular Skeleton

movement, muscle attachment

long bone examples

femur, humerous, metatarsals, phalanges

short bone examples

carpals and tarsals

flat bone examples

sternum, scapula, ribs, pelvis

irregular bone examples

vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx

epiphysis

spongy bone

articular cartilage

diaphysis

bone marrow

marrow cavity

periosteum

cartilage

smooth elastic tissue, protects ends of long bones and joints, reduces friction at joints

ligament

tough and flexible tissue that connects bone to bone

tendon

flexible but not elastic tissue that connects muscle to bone

joint

occurs where two or more bones articulate

fibrous joints

bones connected by a thin layer of fibrous tissue, no movement

cartilaginous joints

bones separated by discs of fibrocartilage, limited movement

synovial joints

most common joints in the body, allow significant movement

synovial membrane

synovial fluid

bursae

meniscus

ligaments

articular capsule

articular cartilage definition

reduces friction absorbs shock

synovial membrane definition

secretes synovial fluid

synovial fluid defintion

lubricates the joint cavity and provides nutrients to the cartilage

bursae definition

fluid filled sacs for reducing friction, found where two structures rub together, found in areas of high stress

meniscus defintion

allows bone to fit together more tightly and provides greater cushioning and stability

articular capsule definition

protects joint from dislocation

hinge joint

ball & socket joint

condyloid joint

pivot joint

gliding joint

saddle joint