Ch 4 Metric System & Laboratory Calculations Vet Tech Clinical Pathology

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39 Terms

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Metric System

Units of measurement based on the powers of 10. Used in Science, including veterinary science

<p>Units of measurement based on the powers of 10. Used in Science, including veterinary science</p>
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Metric System Basic Units

Grams (weight), Liters (volume), Meters (length).

<p>Grams (weight), Liters (volume), Meters (length).</p>
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Powers of Ten

Metric system units are all based on units of 10 so when changing units, one just has to move the decimal point.

<p>Metric system units are all based on units of 10 so when changing units, one just has to move the decimal point.</p>
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Centi

10^-2 or 1/100

<p>10^-2 or 1/100</p>
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milli

10−3. or 1/1000

<p>10−3. or 1/1000</p>
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Micro

10−6. or 1/1,000,000

<p>10−6. or 1/1,000,000</p>
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Deca

10¹ or 10

<p>10¹ or 10</p>
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Dilutions

Usually expressed as ratios, amount of one item relative to the amount of another, 1:2 (read "one to two")

<p>Usually expressed as ratios, amount of one item relative to the amount of another, 1:2 (read "one to two")</p>
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Example of dilution

1:10 dilution of a patient sample combines 1 milliliter of sample with 9 milliliters of distilled water. 1 part blood + 9 parts water = 1:10 dilution.

<p>1:10 dilution of a patient sample combines 1 milliliter of sample with 9 milliliters of distilled water. 1 part blood + 9 parts water = 1:10 dilution.</p>
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Serial Dilutions

Needed when performing immunologic tests or preparing manual calibration curves on instruments.

<p>Needed when performing immunologic tests or preparing manual calibration curves on instruments.</p>
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Example of serial dilution

Bilirubin contains 20 mg/dL and is diluted 1:5, 1:10, and 1:15, resulting in concentrations of 4 mg/dL, 2 mg/dL, and 1 mg/dL.

<p>Bilirubin contains 20 mg/dL and is diluted 1:5, 1:10, and 1:15, resulting in concentrations of 4 mg/dL, 2 mg/dL, and 1 mg/dL.</p>
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scientific notation

An easy way to handle very large numbers using the powers of 10.

<p>An easy way to handle very large numbers using the powers of 10.</p>
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Steps to Convert to Exponential Form

1. Move the decimal point so that the first term is more than 1 and less than 10. 2. The second term is a power of 10 that is equal to the number of times that the decimal point was moved.

<p>1. Move the decimal point so that the first term is more than 1 and less than 10. 2. The second term is a power of 10 that is equal to the number of times that the decimal point was moved.</p>
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pH

Measures the amount of hydrogen ions in concentration

<p>Measures the amount of hydrogen ions in concentration</p>
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Celsius

Metric unit for measuring temperature; Water freezes at zero and boils at 100.

<p>Metric unit for measuring temperature; Water freezes at zero and boils at 100.</p>
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Fahrenheit to Celsius

C = 5/9(F − 32). No need to memorize but know how to use it.

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Normal Temperature Dogs

38.3-39.2 °C / 101-102.5 °F.

<p>38.3-39.2 °C / 101-102.5 °F.</p>
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Normal Temperatures Cats

38.1-39.2 °C / 100.5-102.5 °F.

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Normal Temperatures Horses

37.2-38.3 °C / 99-101 °F.

<p>37.2-38.3 °C / 99-101 °F.</p>
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Normal Temperatures Cows

38.0-39.0 °C / 100.4-102.2 °F.

<p>38.0-39.0 °C / 100.4-102.2 °F.</p>
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Normal Temperatures Sheep

38.3-39.9 °C / 101-103.8 °F.

<p>38.3-39.9 °C / 101-103.8 °F.</p>
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Normal Temperatures Goats

38.4-39.7 °C / 101-103.5 °F.

<p>38.4-39.7 °C / 101-103.5 °F.</p>
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Normal Temperatures Rabbits

38.5-40.0 °C / 101.3-104 °F.

<p>38.5-40.0 °C / 101.3-104 °F.</p>
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Normal Temperatures Birds

40-42 °C / 104-107.6 °F.

<p>40-42 °C / 104-107.6 °F.</p>
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Hypothermia

<35 °C / <95 °F.

<p>&lt;35 °C / &lt;95 °F.</p>
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Fever / Hyperthermia

>40 °C / >104 °F.

<p>&gt;40 °C / &gt;104 °F.</p>
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Meter

base unit of length in metric system

<p>base unit of length in metric system</p>
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liter

Basic unit of volume in the metric system

<p>Basic unit of volume in the metric system</p>
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gram

basic unit of mass in metric system

<p>basic unit of mass in metric system</p>
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Kilo

10^3 or 1,000

<p>10^3 or 1,000</p>
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hecto

10^2 or 100

<p>10^2 or 100</p>
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deci

10^-1 or 1/10

<p>10^-1 or 1/10</p>
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Celsius to Fahrenheit

F= 9/5 (C+32). No need to memorize but know how to use it.

<p>F= 9/5 (C+32). No need to memorize but know how to use it.</p>
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-40

What temperature is the same in Celsius and Fahrenheit?

<p>What temperature is the same in Celsius and Fahrenheit?</p>
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H+ concentration=10^-3 has a pH of ?

3

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H+ concentration = 10^-8 has pH of ?

8

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10^0 = ??

1

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10^1 = ??

10

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10^2 = ??

100