Labour and the Welfare State in Post-War Britain

These flashcards cover key concepts, policies, and evaluations of Labour's actions in creating the Welfare State in post-war Britain.

What was one of Labour's key promises regarding the National Health Service in 1945?

To create health centres offering modern medical advancements and to specifically care for mothers and children.

Which act implemented free secondary education until age 15 in Britain?

The Butler's Education Act of 1944.

What was a significant outcome of the National Insurance Act of 1946?

It provided a range of comprehensive benefits, including sickness, unemployment, pensions, maternity, and death grants.

How did Labour address housing shortages after WWII?

By introducing the New Towns Act of 1946 and prioritizing the construction of new council houses.

What were the five giants identified in the Beveridge report?

Want, Ignorance, Squalor, Disease, and Idleness.

What was a major criticism of the NHS after its implementation?

It was very expensive, costing over £400 million in its first year.

What effect did the National Health Service have on the working class?

It significantly improved their health and reduced deaths from diseases like diphtheria, TB, and pneumonia.

How did Labour attempt to tackle the issue of Ignorance according to the notes?

By implementing free secondary education and providing meals, milk, and medical services in schools.

What was the National Assistance Act of 1948 designed to do?

To provide a safety net for those not covered by the National Insurance.

What was the impact of the welfare state according to the notes?

The welfare state was comprehensive in covering needs and universal in being available to everyone.

What statistic from the Rowntree survey indicated the success of Labour's welfare reforms?

The level of poverty in York fell from 30% in 1936 to 3% in 1951.

What was one of the failures of the Labour government related to housing?

The slow start in housing construction, with only 55,000 new houses completed in 1946.

Which historian claimed that Labour's reforms benefitted the middle-class more than the working-class?

Left-wing historian Addison.

What is the primary focus of the 20 mark answer structure recommended in the notes?

To maintain a consistent focus on the question with a clear structure, judgment, and evidence throughout.

What major failure of the Labour government is mentioned in relation to nationalisation?

They only nationalised 20% of industry, failing to meet leftist expectations for socialism.