Mental & Behavioral Health Final

Grief

Normal response to loss involving subjective emotions and affect.

Grieving and bereavement

Process by which a person experiences grief.

Anticipatory grieving

Dealing with the possibility of an imminent loss in the near future.

Kübler-Ross's five stages of grieving

Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.

Disenfranchised grief

Grief over a loss that cannot be acknowledged openly or supported socially.

Complicated grieving

Grieving characterized by being void of emotion or lasting for prolonged periods.

Frontal lobe functions

Thought, body movement, memories, emotions, and moral behavior.

Parietal lobe functions

Taste, touch, and spatial orientation.

Temporal lobe functions

Smell, hearing, memory, and emotional expression.

Occipital lobe functions

Language and visual interpretation, including depth perception.

Cerebellum function

Coordination of movements and postural adjustments.

Medulla oblongata function

Vital centers for cardiac and respiratory function.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.

Serotonin functions

Regulates food intake, sleep, wakefulness, pain control, and emotions.

Antipsychotics mechanism of action

Block dopamine receptors.

Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)

Acute dystonia, pseudoparkinsonism, and akathisia.

Serotonin syndrome risk

Occurs when combining an MAOI with an SSRI.

Hypertensive crisis dietary trigger with MAOIs

Foods containing tyramine.

Lithium primary use

Treatment of bipolar illness.

Lithium blood level monitoring timing

12 hours after the last dose taken.

Benzodiazepines mechanism of action

Mediation of GABA in the central nervous system.

Methylphenidate use

Treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Disulfiram use

Aversion therapy for alcoholism.

Cycle of abuse and violence phases

Tension-building phase, violent episode, and honeymoon period.

Dependency trait in abuse

Most commonly found trait in abused women who stay with their husbands.

Child abuse parent profile

Minimal parenting knowledge, emotionally immature, and frequently view children as property.

Elder abuse prevalence

An estimated 10% of the population over age 65 are abused by caregivers.

Primary motivation of rape

Exertion of power, control, infliction of pain, or punishment.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Disturbing pattern of behavior following exposure to actual or threatened traumatic events.

Acute stress disorder timeframe

Occurs 3 days to 4 weeks after trauma and can be a precursor to PTSD.

Essential feature of dissociative disorders

Disruption in integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, and environmental perception.

Three main types of dissociative disorders

Dissociative amnesia, dissociative identity disorder, and depersonalization/derealization disorder.

Purpose of grounding techniques

Remind the person they are in the present, an adult, and safe.

Obsessions

Recurrent, persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or impulses.

Compulsions

Ritualistic or repetitive behaviors or mental acts carried out to neutralize anxiety.

Excoriation disorder

A self-soothing related compulsive behavior involving skin-picking.

Trichotillomania

A self-soothing related compulsive behavior involving hair-pulling.

General adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Physiological aspects of stress including alarm, resistance, and exhaustion stages.

Panic level of anxiety

Fight, flight, or freeze response with increased vital signs and focus on defense.

Agoraphobia

Intense fear of open spaces, frequently associated with panic disorder.

Personality definition

Ingrained, enduring pattern of behaving and relating to self, others, and environment.

Cluster A personality disorders

Odd or eccentric behaviors including paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders.

Cluster B personality disorders

Erratic or dramatic behaviors including antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders.

Cluster C personality disorders

Anxious or fearful behaviors including avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders.

Treatment resistant in personality disorders

Refers to the fact that it is difficult to change a person's personality; changes occur slowly and over time.

Paranoid personality disorder features

Pervasive mistrust, suspiciousness, and the use of projection.

Schizoid personality disorder features

Pervasive pattern of social detachment and constricted affect with little emotion.

Schizotypal personality disorder features

Social and interpersonal deficits, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and behavioral eccentricities.

Antisocial personality disorder features

Characterized by disregard for the rights of others, deceit, and manipulation.

Borderline personality disorder features

Unstable interpersonal relationships, self-image, affect, marked impulsivity, and splitting.

Histrionic personality disorder features

Excessive emotionality, attention seeking, and exaggeration of closeness of relationships.

Narcissistic personality disorder features

Pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy.

Avoidant personality disorder features

Social discomfort, low self-esteem, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation.

Dependent personality disorder features

Need to be taken care of, submissive and clinging behavior, and frequent anxiety.

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder features

Preoccupation with perfectionism, orderliness, and a constricted emotional range.

Personality disorders diagnosis age

Not formally diagnosed until 18 years of age.

Anorexia nervosa typical age of onset

Usually between the ages of 14 and 18.

Bulimia nervosa typical age of onset

Late adolescence or early adulthood with an average age of 18 to 19 years.

Hypothalamus role in eating disorders

Involves disruptions in the nuclei of the hypothalamus relating to hunger and satiety.

Self-monitoring in eating disorders

An effective technique that a client with bulimia can use.

Disruptive behavior disorders

Persistent patterns of behavior involving anger, hostility, and aggression toward people and/or property.

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)

Enduring pattern of uncooperative, defiant, disobedient, and hostile behavior toward authority figures.

Intermittent explosive disorder (IED)

Repeated episodes of impulsive, aggressive, violent behavior and angry verbal outbursts.

Conduct disorder

Persistent behavior that violates social norms, frequently involving aggression toward people or animals.

Kleptomania

Impulsive, repetitive theft of items not needed by the person.

Pyromania

Repeated, intentional fire-setting.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

Pervasive impairment of reciprocal social interaction skills, communication deviance, and restricted stereotypical behavioral patterns.

Tourette disorder

A tic disorder characterized by multiple motor tics and one or more vocal tics.

Encopresis

Repeated passage of feces into inappropriate places by a child at least age 4.

Enuresis

Repeated urination during the day or night in clothes or bed by a child at least age 5.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) core features

Persistent patterns of inattentiveness, overactivity, and impulsiveness.

ADHD pharmacological treatment options

Stimulants such as methylphenidate and amphetamine compounds, as well as nonstimulants like atomoxetine.