Introductory Psychology: CLEP

Which term refers to the variable that is measured in an experiment?

Dependent Variable

What is the main purpose of a control group in an experiment?

To establish a baseline for comparison

William James is most closely associated with which school of thought?

Functionalism

What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology?

Thought processes and mental functions

Which research method is best for determining cause-and-effect relationships?

Experimental

What is the key difference between correlational and experimental research?

Correlational doesn’t measure causation

What was the focus of structuralism in early psychology?

The components of conscious experience

Who is considered the founder of the first psychology laboratory?

Wilhelm Wundt

Which research method is most useful for studying rare or unusual cases?

Case Study

Which psychological approach emphasizes observable behavior and reinforcement?

Behavioral Approach

In research, what does informed consent mean?

Participants agree to take part after being told about the study

Which of the following best defines the humanistic approach?

People are inherently good and strive for self-actualization

What is random assignment used for in an experiment?

To reduce bias

Which ethical guideline ensures participants are not harmed?

Protection from harm

What does the placebo effect illustrate?

Expectations can influence behavior

Which theory of motivation focuses on achieving internal goals and fulfillment?

Humanistic theory

Which hormone is most associated with hunger signals?

Ghrelin

Which type of disorder is characterized by rigid and unhealthy patterns of thinking and behavior that impair social functioning?

Personality disorder

William James is most closely associated with which school of thought?

Functionalism

Which of the following is a core process in observational learning, according to Bandura?

Retention

What is the term for the inability to see a problem from a new perspective?

Fixation

What is the term for a mental grouping of similar objects, events, or people?

Concept

What is the primary neurotransmitter affected by many hallucinogens, such as LSD?

Serotonin

Which method is best suited to studying an individual’s personality in depth?

Idiographic

Which structure is responsible for coordinating balance and voluntary movement?

Cerebellum

Which brain structure connects the two hemispheres and allows communication between them?

Corpus callosum

Which neurotransmitter is most closely associated with muscle movement and memory?

Acetylcholine