mitochondria quick flashcards

what do mitochondria do

convert energy in food into energy (ATP) through a process that uses oxygen (cellular respiration)

what makes mitochondrial membrane proteins

free ribosomes

structure of mitochondria

how is the inner membrane specialized to its function

has cristae for more surface area

large active surface

have enzymes that generate ATP

what is the mitochondrial matrix

has many different enzymes

has mitochondrial DNA

has ribosomes

how is mitochondrial DNA inherited

maternally

what are the waste products of cellular respiration

carbon dioxide

water

heat

what is glycolysis

breaks down glucose (C6) into two pyruvates (C3) using 2 ATP

net output: 2 ATP, 2 NADH

is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic

can be aerobic (respiration)

can be anaerobic (fermentation)

aerobic respiration occurs in mitochondria for eukaryotes and cytoplasm for prokaryotes

what is the citric acid cycle

pyruvate is converted into acetyl coA which enters the Krebs Cycle

acetly coA is oxidized and generates 1 ATP, 3 NADH and 1 FADH2 per cycle

2 pyruvate molecules = cycle repeats twice

2 CO2 as waste product

what does pyruvate dehydrogenase catalyze

oxidation of pyruvate, releasing the first CO2 of cellular respiration

reduction of NAD+ to NADH

combines the remaining two-carbon fragment with coA to form acetly CoA

what is oxidative phosphorylation

NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to electron transport chain

electrons move down series of electron acceptors (incl cytochromes) creating a proton gradient

electron carries alternate between reduced and oxidized states as they accept (reduced) & donate (oxidized) electrons

final electron acceptor is oxygen, making water

how is ATP made in oxidative phosphorylation

the energy released from the electrons going down the ETC is used to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space

this generates a proton motive force, creating high concentration of H+ in intermembrane space

ATP synthases uses the proton gradient to make ATP through chemiosmosis