Diagnostic Imaging Exam 2 Module 7

What are the standard projections for long bones of the forelimb?

Lateral and Craniocaudal/Caudocranial

What are common supplemental projections for long bones?

Obliques and comparison films of contralateral limb

Where should you measure and center the beam for a long bone?

Measure over the thickest area; center the beam over the middle of the bone

What should the field of view include for long bones?

The bone plus the proximal and distal adjacent joints

What are the standard projections for joints in the forelimb?

Lateral and Craniocaudal

What are some supplemental joint projections?

Medial/lateral obliques, weight-bearing, flexed or extended views

How do you position a lateral scapula?

Affected limb near cassette, pulled caudoventrally; other limb cranial

How do you position a caudocranial scapula?

Dorsal recumbency, limb extended cranially, sternum rotated slightly away from limb

Where is the central beam for the shoulder joint?

Over the post of the shoulder

How do you position a lateral shoulder?

Affected limb down, opposite limb caudodorsal, head extended

What are common elbow conditions?

Ununited anneal process, fragmented coronoid process

Where is the beam for radius + ulna?

Middle of the bones

Standard carpus projections?

Lateral and Dorsopalmar

Common carpus conditions?

Fractures, luxations, subluxations, DJD

How do you position the metacarpus and phalanges?

Dorsopalmar and laterals, with oblique lateral supplemental

Standard pelvis projections?

Right lateral, VD extended

Supplemental pelvis projections?

VD frog-leg, oblique lateral of coxofemoral joint

Where is the beam and measurement for pelvis?

Beam over greater trochanter; measure at greater trochanter

How do you position a lateral pelvis?

Side of interest down, pulled slightly cranial; foam wedge between stifles

How do you position a VD extended pelvis for OFA?

Femurs parallel, patellae centered, pelvis not rotated, tail secured; sedate patient

What are the PennHIP views?

Extended, compression, distraction (for passive hip laxity)

Standard femur views?

Medio-lateral, Craniocaudal

Beam for femur?

Middle of femur; measure thickest point; FOV pelvis to stifle

Standard stifle projections?

Lateral, Caudocranial, Obliques, Skyline

Beam and measure for stifle?

Beam over stifle joint, measure distal femur; FOV distal femur to proximal tibia

Lateral stifle positioning?

Affected side down, slightly flexed; other limb abducted and flexed

Caudocranial stifle positioning?

Sternal, affected limb extended, opposite limb flexed and elevated

Common stifle conditions?

Patellar luxation, cruciate injury, DJD

Standard tibia + fibula views?

Lateral, Caudocranial

Beam + measure for tibia + fibula?

Middle of tibia/fibula, measure at Lebel of stifle; FOV includes stifle to tarsus

Standard tarsus views?

Lateral, Dorsoplantar, or Plantarodorsal

Beam + measure for tarsus?

Middle of tarsal joint, measure thickest area; FOV above + below joint

Tarsus lateral positioning?

Affected limb down, opposite limb cranial; foam wedge optional

Tarsus lateral positioning?

Patient sternal, foam wedge under flexed limb

Common tarsus conditions?

Sprains/strains, luxations, calcaneal tendon rupture, DJD, OCD, fractures

Metatarsus + phalanges views?

Similar to forelimb; beam + measure middle of metatarsals; FOV includes tarsus