American Revolution: Key Events, Figures, and Documents

What was the Second Continental Congress (SCC)?

Americans' first official government, convened in Philadelphia, PA on May 10, 1775, headed by John Hancock.

What was the Olive Branch Petition?

A petition submitted by the SCC to the crown in an attempt to resolve issues peacefully before declaring independence.

What was the significance of Common Sense by Thomas Paine?

It drew thousands of colonists to the cause of independence by arguing against monarchy and promoting self-governance.

What are natural rights?

Rights that all humans possess by virtue of their humanity, independent of laws or governments.

What are unalienable rights?

Rights that cannot be taken away, surrendered, or transferred, often associated with life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

When was the Declaration of Independence adopted?

It was adopted on July 4, 1776, after voting on the resolution on July 2, 1776.

Who were the members of the Committee of Five?

John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Robert Livingston, Roger Sherman, and Thomas Jefferson (key author).

What were the three main purposes of the Declaration of Independence?

To announce separation from Britain, to indict the British government, and to plea for help.

What was the Treaty of Paris?

The treaty signed on September 3, 1783, that officially ended the American Revolution.

What was George Washington's role during the American Revolution?

He was the first president of the United States (1789-1797) and a key military leader, despite having no prior military experience.

What was Shays' Rebellion?

A rebellion over high taxes that highlighted the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and scared colonial leaders into action.

What were two key weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?

Congress had no power to tax and no power to regulate trade.

What did Washington mean by 'we gotta fix the articles, if we don't fix them we are cooked'?

He emphasized the urgent need to address the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation to prevent further instability.

What is a fun fact about George Washington's leadership?

He was offered to become the first king of the USA but declined, stating that it was not what they fought for.

What was America's first governing document?

The Articles of Confederation, composed by the Second Continental Congress.

What was the impact of high taxes during Shays' Rebellion?

It alarmed colonial leaders about the potential for further rebellions in the new states due to financial strain.

What does the quote 'Taxes are what you pay to live in a civilized society' imply?

It suggests that taxation is a necessary part of maintaining a functioning and orderly society.

What was a notable fact about Rhode Island during the Second Continental Congress?

Rhode Island did not send a representative to the Congress.