The sulfur cycle

sulfur importance

amino acids, vitamin components, disulfide bonds

oxidation reactions

Sulfide or metal sulfides oxidized to S0 often in granules

reduction of sulfate

used as electron acceptor making H2S, anaerobic costing 2 ATP

paying for sulfate recution

EMP makes 2 ATP and some NADH so running the TCA produces more electron carriers for the ETC which makes more ATP

disproportionation

sulfur compound is the electron donor and acceptor, gets oxidized to make SO2 and another molecule is reduced to make H2S

sulfate assimilation

assimilatory sulfur reduction, sulfate only assimilatory form (like ammonium), often put in cysteine or other compounds

desulfurization

degradation of organics with sulfur, are oxidized to H2S

sulfide oxidizing mats

white, cable form, H2S oxidized deeper then move electrons to the oxygen zone and use for electrons

desulfovibrio

sulfate reducing bacteria, makes sulfur soluble which can be good and bad

acid mine drainage

has dissolved metals/ sulfates that are reduced to sulfides which bind metals and become insoluble

toxic metals

SRB can make precipitate and bind to sulfide

corroded pipes

microbiologically induced corrosion of pipes, SRB use C source in pipe or H2 as electron donor and reduce sulfate to sulfides that precipitate with iron

acid rain

fossil fuel deposits with sulfate, SRB turn to sulfides that when fue si sburned sulfur dioxide releases and reactions with rain to make