Nursing Exam Review: Key Concepts and Interventions

This collection of flashcards includes key nursing concepts, interventions, and critical details necessary for exam preparation in nursing.

What are the key components of a breast examination according to Canadian guidelines?

Inspection, palpation, axillary lymph nodes, and patient education.

What condition is characterized by lumpy, painful breasts that worsen before menstruation?

Fibrocystic breasts are a benign condition not linked to cancer risk.

What quadrant of the breast is most commonly associated with cancer?

Upper Outer Quadrant, which contains the tail of Spence and most glandular tissue.

What should be avoided on the affected arm after a mastectomy and lymph node dissection?

NO BP, blood draws, or IVs.

What are common potassium-rich foods recommended for cardiac patients?

Bananas, oranges, potatoes, tomatoes, spinach, avocado, dried fruit, lentils, nuts.

What are signs and symptoms of a repetitive strain injury (RSI)?

Pain, numbness, tingling, weakness, and decreased range of motion.

What are the main signs and symptoms of Ménière's disease?

Vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss (unilateral), nausea/vomiting, and nystagmus.

What is the major characteristic of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) related to blood pH?

Blood pH is typically < 7.35, indicating acidosis.

What is the purpose of a Holter monitor?

It records ECG continuously for 24-48 hours to detect arrhythmias not found on a routine ECG.

What are the defining symptoms of left-sided heart failure?

Dyspnea, crackles, orthopnea, pulmonary edema, and fatigue.

What is the significance of daily weights in heart failure management?

Daily weights are the most sensitive indicator of fluid status.

What are the common educational points for insulin teaching?

Rotate injection sites, recognize hypoglycemia symptoms, treat with 15g of carbs.

What post-operative instruction is crucial after a mastectomy?

Elevate the arm to reduce the risk of lymphedema.

What assessment is most important immediately following trauma?

Airway, Breathing, Circulation (ABCs) are the first priorities.

What is the treatment for hypertension complications if left untreated?

MI, stroke, kidney failure, heart failure, retinopathy, and aneurysm.

What are the universal blood types for donor and receiver?

O- is the universal donor, and AB+ is the universal receiver.

What dietary measures are needed for a patient with diabetes?

Type 1: Lifelong insulin management; Type 2: Medication teaching including Metformin.

What are the signs and symptoms of a stroke?

Sudden numbness or weakness of face, arm, or leg; confusion, trouble speaking or understanding; vision problems; trouble walking.

What intervention is advised for hypovolemic patients?

Increase fluid intake and monitor urine output.

What are the major regulators of fluid balance in the body?

ADH (antidiuretic hormone), Aldosterone, and the thirst mechanism.

What complications can arise from a total knee replacement?

Infection, DVT, delayed wound healing, and limited range of motion.