Systems Path section 5 - The heart (pg 1-25)

what happens when heart can't meet demands (MC) or increased tissue command occurs results in cognition "backing up" in pulmonary and systemic circulation

heart failure (CHF)

heart failure symptoms

dyspnea, fatigue, orthopnea, tachycardia

what happens when heart can't meet demands (MC) or increased tissue command occurs results in cognition "backing up" in pulmonary and systemic circulation

heart failure (CHF)

heart failure symptoms

dyspnea, fatigue, orthopnea, tachycardia

how does CHF occur?

increased tissue congestion and complications due to compensations

who gets CHF?

older individuals or those that have had MI (and other risks)

causes of CHF

history of MI, HTN, CAD

Systolic dysfunction (CHF) results in

weak contraction

diastolic dysfunction (CHF) results in

failed relaxation

valvular dysfunction (CHF) results in

failure to effectively seal

forward failure (CHF) results in

insufficient output

backward failure (CHF) results in

congestion

forward failure is almost always accompanied by what?

backward failure (impacts virtually every organ)

The greater the stretch, the stronger is the heart's contraction.

Result is increased output

Cost is increased O2 and tension

frank-starling law

which neurohumoral mechanism increases HR and contractility?

NE

which neurohumoral mechanism causes diuresis and vasodilation?

ANP

structural changes associated with compensated heart failure

cardiac hypertrophy

cost is increased O2 consumption

what type of cardiac hypertrophy is pathologic resulting in increased pressure (HTN/valve stenosis)

concentric hypertrophy

what type of cardiac hypertrophy is physiologic and causes increased volume, bradycardia, and increased capillary density

eccentric hypertrophy

causes of left sided heart failure

HTN, CAD, valve disorders, cardiomyopathies

effects of left-sided heart failure

left ventricle hypertrophies, gradual decreased cardiac output (causing pulmonary edema), cough, dyspnea, rales, orthopnea, tachycardia

left ventricle decreased output and hypertrophy, increased pulmonary HTN

left-sided heart failure

how does left-sided heart failure occur?

prior damage to left side of heart from MI/cardiomyopathies

who gets left-sided heart failure?

those with previous complications

causes of left-sided heart failure

history of CAD, HTN, cardiomyopathies and MI

what is the MC cause of right-sided heart failure?

left sided heart failure

what is right ventricle pump failure, MC from left heart failure but also from lung pathologies?

right-sided heart failure

how does someone get right-sided heart failure?

increase pressure in pulmonary circulation -> hypertrophy

who gets right-sided heart failure?

those with hx of left heart failure or lung pathologies

when heart is overloaded by increased pressure

hypertensive heart disease

types of hypertensive heart diseases

systemic and pulmonary