qce psychology unit 2

neurosis

non-psychotic, trouble with thoughts and feelings

Rosenhan's Hospital Study

-sent mentally healthy people into psych hospitals complaining of "hearing voices" and all were misdiagnosed with a disorder

normal

typical for specific situation/context and accepted within society or culture

sociocultural approach to normality

what is normal in a specific social or cultural context

historical approach to normality

What is considered normal depends on the era, or period of time, when the judgement is made.

statistical approach to normality

If a large majority of people (statistical average) thinks, feels and behaves in a certain way it is considered normal

functional approach to normality

Thoughts, feelings and behaviour are normal if the individual is able to cope with living independently in society but considered abnormal if the individual is unable to function effectively in society.

medical approach to normality

Abnormal thoughts, feelings or behaviours are viewed as having an underlying biological cause and can usually be diagnosed and treated

adaptive behaviour

Actions that enable a person to effectively carry out their usual everyday tasks, age appropriate

maladaptive behavior

behavior that hinders a person's ability to function in work, school, relationships, or society - coping mechanism

mental health

the state of mental well-being in which one can cope with the demands of daily life

psychosis

a psychological disorder in which a person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions

DSM-5

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

ICD-11

International Classification of Diseases, Eleventh Revision

Mood disorders

psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes

personality disorders

psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

word salad

Incoherent mixture of words, phrases, and sentences, common in schizophrenia

delusions of persecution

the belief that people are out to get you (schizophrenia)

delusions of grandeur

a false impression of one's own importance. (schizophrenia, narcissism)

anxiety disorders

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

stress

a psychological and physical response to internal or external sources of tension (stressors) that challenge a person's ability to cope

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

A major inhibitory neurotransmitter in fight-flight-freeze response, works with glutamate to regulate anxiety levels

glutamate

A major excitatory neurotransmitter in fight-flight-freeze response, complements GABA to maintain anxiety levels

risk factors

increases risk for developing disorder

protective factors

decreases risk for developing disorder

individual risk factors

low self-esteem
cognitive immaturity
difficulties in communication
medical illness
substance use

social risk factors

loneliness
neglect
family conflict
violence/abuse
low income
difficulty at school
work stress, unemployment

environmental risk factors

poor access to services
injustice, discrimination
inequality
war, disaster

3 D's of disorders

deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional

4 P's

predisposing, precipitating, perpetuating, protective