Academic Writing, Literary Criticism, and Proposal Concepts Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering academic writing elements, features, literary critical approaches, concept explanation methods, and manifesto types from the lecture transcript.

Academic Writing

A formal type of writing that presents ideas logically using facts, evidence, and credible sources.

Academic Text

A written work produced through academic writing that uses formal language, objectivity, and reliable information.

Subject

The topic being discussed in an academic text, answering the question 'What is the text about?'

Tone

The writer's attitude toward the topic, which is typically formal and objective in academic texts.

Purpose

The reason the author wrote the text, commonly to inform, persuade, or argue.

Audience

The intended readers of an academic text, usually teachers, students, researchers, or professionals.

Explicitness

A feature of academic writing where ideas are clear, direct, specific, precise, easy to follow, and connected with proper transition words.

Formality

A feature of academic writing using professional language with complete words, one-word verbs, and avoiding contractions, slang, and abbreviations.

Objectivity

A feature of academic writing that focuses on facts instead of personal feelings, avoiding personal pronouns, emotional language, and rhetorical questions.

Caution

A feature of academic writing that avoids making broad or unsupported claims.

Narrative Writing Style

A writing style that tells a story.

Descriptive Writing Style

A writing style that describes a person, place, object, or event.

Persuasive Writing Style

A writing style that aims to convince readers using evidence.

Expository Writing Style

A writing style that explains facts and information.

COFE

A mnemonic for the four features of academic writing: Caution, Objective, Formal, and Explicitness.

PEND

A mnemonic for the four writing styles: Persuasive, Expository, Narrative, and Descriptive.

FACTS

A memory trick for academic writing standing for Formal language, Audience-specific, Credible evidence, Third-person/objective, and Structured and clear.

Summarizing

A brief restatement of a text's main points using fewer words without changing its original meaning.

Main Idea

The central message or overall point of a text.

Key Points

The important details or supporting ideas that explain the main idea.

Author Citation in the Sentence

A summarizing technique where the author's name is directly mentioned as part of the sentence.

Author Citation in Parentheses

A summarizing technique where the author's name and publication year are placed in parentheses at the end of the sentence.

RISKR

A mnemonic for the five steps in summarizing: Read, Identify, Select, Keep only essentials, and Rewrite.

MAPS

A memory trick for summarizing standing for Main Idea, Author's Meaning, Prune Extra Details, and Summarize in Your Own Words.

Topic Sentence

The sentence that states the main idea of one paragraph.

Thesis Statement

The sentence that states the central idea or main claim of the entire paper, serving as the guide for the whole essay.

Explicit Thesis Statement

A thesis statement that is directly stated in the text.

Implicit Thesis Statement

A thesis statement that is not directly written and must be inferred from the supporting details.

Concession

A component of a thesis statement that acknowledges an opposing idea before presenting the main argument.

Supporting Evidence

Facts, studies, examples, or explanations that prove the thesis statement.

Critical Approaches

Different ways of analyzing and interpreting a literary text, with each approach focusing on a specific aspect of the text.

Reader-Response Criticism

A critical approach emphasizing that the meaning of a text depends on how the reader interprets and reacts to it based on personal experiences and emotions.

Formalist Criticism

A critical approach focusing on literary elements and structure, maintaining that the meaning of a text depends on its form.

Psychological Criticism

A critical approach based on Sigmund Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory that analyzes the thoughts, emotions, personality, and hidden motivations of authors and characters.

Sociological Criticism

A critical approach that examines how society, culture, politics, and the economy influence literature.

Marxist Criticism

A critical approach based on Marxism that studies social class conflict, power, wealth, and economic inequality in literary texts.

Feminist Criticism

A critical approach analyzing how women are represented in literature and how texts reflect or challenge gender stereotypes and promote equality.

Biographical Criticism

A critical approach that interprets literature by considering the author's life, background, and personal experiences.

Concept

A general or abstract idea formed in the mind and developed from specific examples or experiences.

Clarification

A method of explaining a concept by moving from a general idea to specific examples.

Explication

A method of explaining a concept by defining difficult terms found in a formal definition, often using a simpler or informal explanation.

Formal Definition

A complete definition structured as Species (term defined), Genus (category), and Differentia (unique characteristics).

Species

The specific term being defined in a formal definition.

Genus

The category or class to which a defined term belongs in a formal definition.

Differentia

The specific characteristics that make a defined term unique from others in its category in a formal definition.

Negation

A method of defining something by stating what it is not.

Derivation

A method of explaining a concept by detailing the origin or history of a word.

Analogy

A method of explaining a concept by comparing it with a different but similar idea.

Concept Paper

A summary of a proposed project, research, or study that explains its significance and implementation plan to persuade readers of its value.

Business Concept Proposal

A type of concept paper that presents a company's product or service and explains how it can solve a client's problem.

Argumentation

The process of presenting a claim supported by logical reasoning and credible evidence.

Claim

A statement expressing a position, opinion, or belief that requires supporting evidence.

Reasoning

The logical explanation connecting evidence to a claim.

Evidence

Facts, examples, or data used to support a claim.

Manifesto

A published declaration of the intentions, motives, beliefs, values, or plans of an individual, group, political party, or government.

Political Manifesto

A manifesto used by governments, political parties, or candidates to outline their goals, principles, policies, and future plans.

Artistic Manifesto

A manifesto expressing the beliefs, vision, and principles of artists, writers, or cultural movements to promote creativity and cultural expression.

Personal Manifesto

A manifesto declaring an individual's personal values, beliefs, and life goals.