Unit 1 Bones - BISC 3135

saggital

plane that divides the body into the right and left side

coronal (frontal)

plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior

transverse (horizontal)

plane that divides the body into the superior and inferior

anatomical position

standing, palms flat and facing forward

anterior/ventral

toward the front of the body

posterior/dorsal

toward the back of the body

superior/cephalic

toward the head

inferior/caudal

toward the feet/tail

medial

toward the mid-saggital plane

lateral

away from the mid-saggital place

proximal

toward/nearest to the center of the body or region of a structure

distal

away/furthest from the center of the body or origin of a structue

superficial

toward the surface of the body

deep

toward the center of the body (internally)

ipsilateral

on the same side

contralateral

on the opposite side

somatic

refers to the body wall

visceral

refers to structures in body cavities

osteogenic cell

immature bone cell, develops into an osteoblast (precursor)

osteoblast

forms the bone matrix; some differentiate into osteocytes

osteocytes

maintain bone tissue

osteoclasts

function in reabsorption, break down of the bone matrix; scavenge/phagocytose debris; bone remodeling

endochondral ossification

bones grow from cartilage (growth plates); slow process; produces long bones

intramembranous ossification

bones grow from connective tissue; fast process; produces flat bones

femur

epiphysial plate

growth plate when active; line when done growing; endochondral ossification

metaphysis

the end of the bone; contains both the neck and the epiphysis

diaphysis

shaft; main portion of the bone

compact bone

outer, dense, solid, protective surface of bone

cancellous bone

spongey bone in center; filled with blood, marrow, and bone cells

ilium

green

pubis

purple

ischium

orange

acetabulum

iliac fossa

iliac crest

anterior superior iliac spine

posterior superior iliac spine

posterior inferior iliac spine

anterior inferior iliac spine

auricular surface

greater sciatic notch

ischial spine

lesser sciatic notch

ishcial tuberosity

obturator foramen

pubic crest

superior pubic ramus

inferior pubic ramus

pubic arch

pubic tubercle

symphysis pubic

head (femur)

fovea capitis

neck (femur)

greater trochanter

lesser trochanter

diaphysis (femur)

linea aspera

medial epicondyle

lateral epicondyle

medial condyle (femur)

(C)

lateral condyle (femur)

(B)

intercondylar fossa

patellar surface

patella/sesamoid

medial condyle (tibia)

lateral condyle (tibia)

intercondylar eminence

tibial tuberosity

medial malleolus

anterior border (tibia)

head (fibula)

lateral malleolus

talus

calcaneus

navicular

medial cuniform

intermediate cuniform

lateral cuniform

cuboid

proximal phalanges

middle phalanges

distal phalanges

hallux

suture

joint type

interosseous membrane

fibrous joint that permits some movement

epiphysial plate

cartilaginous joint that is immovable

intervertebral disk

cartilaginous joint that permits some movement

synovial joint

joint that permits a range of movements