6) Acquired speech disorders

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7 Terms

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Acquired (Motor) Speech Disorder

A deficit in the physical production of speech due to damage in the central or peripheral nervous system, affecting motor planning or muscular control

  • Dysarthria

  • Apraxia of speech (AOS)

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Acquired Language Disorder

Impairments in the comprehension and/or production of language, typically caused by brain damage (e.g. stroke), and include types of aphasia

  • Language may be affected at levels of word retrieval, sentence structure, and understanding

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How can speech and language disorders be distinguished clinically?

  • Speech disorders (e.g. dysarthria & AOS): intact language structure, difficulty with the motot act of speaking

  • Language disorders (e.g. aphasia): disrupted language structure or meaning, hut speech mechanisms may be intact

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Dysarthria

A type of motor speech disorder characterised by weakness, paralysis, or incoordintion of the muscles used for speech production, resulting in slurred, slow, or disorted speech

muscular control impaired

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Dysarthria symptoms

  • Motor disturbance of respiration, phonation, resonance, articulation, and prosody of neurogenic origin

  • slow, laboured speech

  • volume & language is unimpaired

  • difficulty keeping food/fluid in their mouth.

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Common types of dysarthria

  • Flaccid: weak, breathy voice

  • Spastic: strained, strangled voice

  • Ataxic: Slurred, uncoordinated speech

  • Hypokinetic: monotone, low volume (e.g. Parkinson’s)

  • Hyperkinetic: involuntary movements affect speech

  • Unilateral upper motor neuron: mild, imprecise articulation

  • mixed dysarthria: combination of types (common in progressive diseases)

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Apraxia of Speech

A motor planning disorder that affects the voluntary production of speech

  • disorder of the deliberate execution of purposeful movement, not accounted for by weakness or incoordination of speech muscles

  • often co-occurs with nonfluent aphasia

  • difficulty with multisyllabic words & inconsistent errors

    • easier production of isolated sounds or tense vowels (/pataka/)

motor planning impaired