Animals viruses and diseases

These are designed to treat bacterial infections, and have no effect on viruses

Antibiotics

Almost all Antiviral drugs license so far have been designed to target …

One of the steps of the viral life cycle

It is easier to develop vaccines to ______ Viral disease

Prevent

This is the most common viral infectious agent in humans, and is the cause of the common cold

Rhinovirus

how is rhinovirus transmitted?

Respiratory droplet aerosols or fomites

What population is most affected by the rhinovirus?

Infants, elderly, immunocompromised

There is a variety of this type of virus, and it commonly infects, the skin and mucus membranes with warts

HPV

This is the most common sexually transmitted infectious in the US

HPV

How quickly can HPV go away with no to minimal health problems?

Two years

This vaccine is distributed in the US and it protects against nine HPV types

Gardasil 9

Which two HPV types are the main causes of cervical cancer

HPV 16 and HPV 18

What strain of HPV is responsible for almost 90% of HPV positive oropharyngeal cancers

HPV 16

This is highly contagious And usually causes itchy blister, like rashes all over the chest, back and face and rest of body

Chickenpox and shingles

Painful rash that develops on one side of the face or body, which occurs from dormant chickenpox

Shingles

Which one is spread Easiest, chickenpox or shingles

Chickenpox

A disabling in life-threatening disease which can lead to meningitis and or paralysis

Polio

What causes polio patients to die?

Virus affects the muscles that help them breathe

How is polio transmitted?

Lives in the throat and intestines, and can be spread person in person through fecal or respiratory droplets

How is polio prevented

Vaccines

• Inactivated poliovirus

• Oral polio virus vaccine

This is a Distinctive fever and progressive skin rash only in humans with a 30% mortality rate

Smallpox

When is smallpox contagious

Once the first source appeared in the mouth and throat

What are the effects of smallpox?

Permanent scars, and some are blind

What is another name for smallpox?

Variola virus

What disease has been declared eradicated in 1980

• When was the last occurrence of it?

Small

1949

This infects the central nervous system, and has over a 99% death rate

Rabies

What are unique symptoms of rabies?

Hallucinating, abnormal behavior, fear of water, and insomnia

How are rabies transmitted?

Through direct contact, such as through broken skin or mucous membranes

This is a contagious respiratory illness that has two main strains, A and B.

Influenza

When is influenza most contagious And how is it transmitted?

The first 3 to 4 days after illness begins

Respiratory droplets, including fomites

This is a neuraminidase inhibitor and is most effective, if you’ve had symptoms for less than 48 hours

Tamiflu

How long does it take for your body to develop antibodies from the influenza vaccine?

Two weeks

Ebola virus believes to be sourced from ____ or _____

Bats or non-human primates

This virus is believed to be animal borne and Is a hemorrhagic virus

Ebola

How many species of Ebola are there and how many infect people?

6 total

4 infect people

This is the original and most dangerous species of Ebola virus

Zaire ebolavirus

What is the natural reservoir of Ebola virus?

Bats

How is ebola transmitted?

Human to human through bodily fluids

• Contaminated fomites or sexual contact

Ebola survivors develop antibodies for ____ years Develop long-term complications such as ___ and ____ problems

10

Joint

Vision

What areas may retain the bola virus?

Immunologically privileged sites, such as testes, interior of the eyes, placenta, and central nervous system

This virus causes upper respiratory track and intestinal illness which counts for 15 to 30% of worldwide common colds

Covid

What are the three types of severe human coronaviruses?

MERS CoV, SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 (Covid 19)

This type of coronavirus is considered the middle east respiratory syndrome, and was transmitted primarily through animal contact in human to human transmission with a 30% death rate

MERS COV

This type of coronavirus is considered the acute respiratory syndrome with a 3% death rate

SARS COV

This was the first human virus to be isolated, and was spread by the Bite of infected mosquitoes

Yellow fever virus

Where was yellow fever virus commonly found

Tropical and subtropical areas of south, America and Africa

What percentage of infected people with yellow fever, virus develops, severe illness, such as high fever, jaundice, bleeding, shock, and failure of organs

15%

How is yellow fever treated

There is no known treatment only treatments for symptoms to avoid medication non-steroid, anti-inflammatory drugs, because it may increase the risk for bleeding

Is there a vaccine for yellow fever?

Yes

This was a particularly dangerous post for Soldiers due to endemic yellow fever during colonial times in the napoleonic war

West Indies

What are the two types of herpes?

HSV one and HSV two

This is mainly transmitted by oral to oral contact (Oral herpes)

HSV one

This virus of herpes is transmitted through sexual interactions (Genital herpes)

HSV two

When is herpes most contagious?

When sores are present

What Virus is commonly found in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease patients

Herpes

what virus may increase your risk of developing multiple sclerosis?

Epstein-Barr virus

This virus attacks the bodies immune system, and came from a chimpanzee infected with Simeon immunodeficiency virus in central Africa

HIV

What are the three stages of HIV?

Acute HIV - Flu like symptoms

Chronic HIV - As symptomatic but communicable

Aids - Highly contagious and damages immune system, which can lead to death

How can HIV be transmitted?

Sexual contact, sharing needles to inject drugs, during pregnancy/birth/breast-feeding

These were introduced in the mid-1990s which have allowed infected individuals to live long relatively normal lives with HIV

Anti-retrovirals

What are two ways that HIV could be cured

Bone marrow transplant or elite controllers