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These are designed to treat bacterial infections, and have no effect on viruses
Antibiotics
Almost all Antiviral drugs license so far have been designed to target …
One of the steps of the viral life cycle
It is easier to develop vaccines to ______ Viral disease
Prevent
This is the most common viral infectious agent in humans, and is the cause of the common cold
Rhinovirus
how is rhinovirus transmitted?
Respiratory droplet aerosols or fomites
What population is most affected by the rhinovirus?
Infants, elderly, immunocompromised
There is a variety of this type of virus, and it commonly infects, the skin and mucus membranes with warts
HPV
This is the most common sexually transmitted infectious in the US
HPV
How quickly can HPV go away with no to minimal health problems?
Two years
This vaccine is distributed in the US and it protects against nine HPV types
Gardasil 9
Which two HPV types are the main causes of cervical cancer
HPV 16 and HPV 18
What strain of HPV is responsible for almost 90% of HPV positive oropharyngeal cancers
HPV 16
This is highly contagious And usually causes itchy blister, like rashes all over the chest, back and face and rest of body
Chickenpox and shingles
Painful rash that develops on one side of the face or body, which occurs from dormant chickenpox
Shingles
Which one is spread Easiest, chickenpox or shingles
Chickenpox
A disabling in life-threatening disease which can lead to meningitis and or paralysis
Polio
What causes polio patients to die?
Virus affects the muscles that help them breathe
How is polio transmitted?
Lives in the throat and intestines, and can be spread person in person through fecal or respiratory droplets
How is polio prevented
Vaccines
Inactivated poliovirus
Oral polio virus vaccine
This is a Distinctive fever and progressive skin rash only in humans with a 30% mortality rate
Smallpox
When is smallpox contagious
Once the first source appeared in the mouth and throat
What are the effects of smallpox?
Permanent scars, and some are blind
What is another name for smallpox?
Variola virus
What disease has been declared eradicated in 1980
When was the last occurrence of it?
Small
1949
This infects the central nervous system, and has over a 99% death rate
Rabies
What are unique symptoms of rabies?
Hallucinating, abnormal behavior, fear of water, and insomnia
How are rabies transmitted?
Through direct contact, such as through broken skin or mucous membranes
This is a contagious respiratory illness that has two main strains, A and B.
Influenza
When is influenza most contagious And how is it transmitted?
The first 3 to 4 days after illness begins
Respiratory droplets, including fomites
This is a neuraminidase inhibitor and is most effective, if you’ve had symptoms for less than 48 hours
Tamiflu
How long does it take for your body to develop antibodies from the influenza vaccine?
Two weeks
Ebola virus believes to be sourced from ____ or _____
Bats or non-human primates
This virus is believed to be animal borne and Is a hemorrhagic virus
Ebola
How many species of Ebola are there and how many infect people?
6 total
4 infect people
This is the original and most dangerous species of Ebola virus
Zaire ebolavirus
What is the natural reservoir of Ebola virus?
Bats
How is ebola transmitted?
Human to human through bodily fluids
Contaminated fomites or sexual contact
Ebola survivors develop antibodies for ____ years Develop long-term complications such as ___ and ____ problems
10
Joint
Vision
What areas may retain the bola virus?
Immunologically privileged sites, such as testes, interior of the eyes, placenta, and central nervous system
This virus causes upper respiratory track and intestinal illness which counts for 15 to 30% of worldwide common colds
Covid
What are the three types of severe human coronaviruses?
MERS CoV, SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 (Covid 19)
This type of coronavirus is considered the middle east respiratory syndrome, and was transmitted primarily through animal contact in human to human transmission with a 30% death rate
MERS COV
This type of coronavirus is considered the acute respiratory syndrome with a 3% death rate
SARS COV
This was the first human virus to be isolated, and was spread by the Bite of infected mosquitoes
Yellow fever virus
Where was yellow fever virus commonly found
Tropical and subtropical areas of south, America and Africa
What percentage of infected people with yellow fever, virus develops, severe illness, such as high fever, jaundice, bleeding, shock, and failure of organs
15%
How is yellow fever treated
There is no known treatment only treatments for symptoms to avoid medication non-steroid, anti-inflammatory drugs, because it may increase the risk for bleeding
Is there a vaccine for yellow fever?
Yes
This was a particularly dangerous post for Soldiers due to endemic yellow fever during colonial times in the napoleonic war
West Indies
What are the two types of herpes?
HSV one and HSV two
This is mainly transmitted by oral to oral contact (Oral herpes)
HSV one
This virus of herpes is transmitted through sexual interactions (Genital herpes)
HSV two
When is herpes most contagious?
When sores are present
What Virus is commonly found in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease patients
Herpes
what virus may increase your risk of developing multiple sclerosis?
Epstein-Barr virus
This virus attacks the bodies immune system, and came from a chimpanzee infected with Simeon immunodeficiency virus in central Africa
HIV
What are the three stages of HIV?
Acute HIV - Flu like symptoms
Chronic HIV - As symptomatic but communicable
Aids - Highly contagious and damages immune system, which can lead to death
How can HIV be transmitted?
Sexual contact, sharing needles to inject drugs, during pregnancy/birth/breast-feeding
These were introduced in the mid-1990s which have allowed infected individuals to live long relatively normal lives with HIV
Anti-retrovirals
What are two ways that HIV could be cured
Bone marrow transplant or elite controllers
Note
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