IGSCE - BIO CH1 (2025 test)

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What is Movement in living organisms?

Movement is an action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place.

What is Respiration?

Respiration is the chemical reactions that break down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy for metabolism.

What does Sensitivity refer to in living organisms?

Sensitivity is the ability to detect or sense stimuli in the internal or external environment and to make appropriate responses.

What is Growth in biological terms?

Growth is a permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell size, or both.

What does Reproduction mean in biology?

Reproduction refers to the processes that make more of the same kind of organism.

What is Excretion?

Excretion is the removal from organisms of toxic materials, waste products of metabolism, and substances in excess of requirements.

What is Nutrition in living organisms?

Nutrition is the taking in of materials for energy, growth, and development.

What does MRS. GREN stand for?

MRS. GREN is a mnemonic to remember the characteristics of living organisms: Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition.

What is a Species?

A species is a group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring.

What is the Binomial System?

The Binomial System is a system of naming organisms developed by Linnaeus, consisting of two parts: genus and species.

What is a Genus?

Genus is the first part of the binomial name, always starting with a capital letter.

What is Species in taxonomy?

Species in taxonomy is the second part of the binomial name, always starting with a lowercase letter.

What is a Kingdom in biological classification?

A kingdom is the highest taxonomic rank used in classifying organisms, representing major categories.

What is Phylum?

Phylum is the second taxonomic rank used in classification, grouping organisms based on major body plans.

What is Class in biological classification?

Class is a rank in biological classification that groups organisms sharing key characteristics.

What is Order in taxonomy?

Order is a taxonomic rank below class and above family.

What is Family in biological classification?

Family is a rank in biological classification that groups closely related organisms.

What is a Dichotomous Key?

A Dichotomous Key is a tool used to identify organisms based on a series of choices that lead to the correct name.

What does Morphology study?

Morphology is the study of the form and structure of organisms.

What is Anatomy?

Anatomy is the detailed body structure of an organism.

What are Eukaryotes?

Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus.

What are Prokaryotes?

Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus, such as bacteria.

What are Protoctists?

Protoctists are mostly unicellular organisms that have a nucleus and may have cell walls and chloroplasts.

What are Arthropods?

Arthropods are invertebrates with jointed legs, classified in the phylum Arthropoda.

What are Vertebrates?

Vertebrates are animals with a backbone.

What are Fungi?

Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that include moulds, mushrooms, and yeasts.

What are Plants?

Plants are multicellular eukaryotic organisms that conduct photosynthesis.

What are Monocotyledons?

Monocotyledons are plants that produce seeds with one cotyledon and tend to have flowers in multiples of three.

What are Dicotyledons?

Dicotyledons are plants that produce seeds with two cotyledons and tend to have flowers in multiples of four or five.

What is Chlorophyll?

Chlorophyll is the green pigment in plants that absorbs light for photosynthesis.

What is a Sporangium?

A sporangium is a part of a fungus where spores are produced.

What is Photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.

What is Cellulose?

Cellulose is a substance that makes up the cell walls of plants.

What is Saprophytic Nutrition?

Saprophytic Nutrition is a mode of nutrition where organisms feed on dead or decaying matter.

What is Parasitic Nutrition?

Parasitic Nutrition is a mode of nutrition where organisms feed on live material.

What is a Virus?

A virus is a non-living infectious agent that requires a host cell to replicate.

What is Genetic material?

Genetic material refers to the molecules that carry the genetic information in living organisms (DNA or RNA).

What is a Protein coat?

A protein coat is the protective shell surrounding the genetic material of a virus.

What are Life Processes?

Life Processes are the seven processes that make an organism 'living': Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition.

What is Taxonomy?

Taxonomy is the scientific study of naming, defining, and classifying organisms.

What are Evolutionary Relationships?

Evolutionary Relationships refer to classifying organisms based on their shared ancestry and evolutionary history.

What are Classification Systems?

Classification Systems are methods to categorize and group organisms based on shared characteristics.

What is DNA Sequencing?

DNA Sequencing is a method used to determine the exact sequence of nucleotides in a DNA molecule.

What are Identical DNA Sequences?

Identical DNA Sequences are DNA sequences that have the same order of nucleotide bases.

What does Branching into two mean?

Branching into two refers to the meaning of the word 'dichotomous' as applied to keys.

What is Fertilization?

Fertilization is the union of male and female gametes to form a zygote.

What is Cell Division?

Cell Division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells.