FRSC341 - Philosophers

Socrates

virtue of the soul = morality, purpose of morality is for the benefit of the internal well-being of the individual

euthyphro

ethical action determined by a pre-existing divine authority

Plato

self-discipline and denial of sensor pleasure = how to gain morality, 4 cardinal virtues: temperance, wisdom, courage, and justice

aristotle

each item, each practice, each individual has a distinct unltimate goodness

epicurus

pleasure ought to be the ultimate goal

stoicism

life should be based on reason, should be indifferent to pain and pleasure

neyoplatonism

“new think” Plato

renee decart

bottom-up approach, philosophy is like a tree

thomas hobbs

theory of a social contract

jean-jacques rousseau

individual must submit (give up individuality) for the greater good of society

georg hegel

our knowledge of the world is based on experiences

Ralph Waldo Emerson

advocate for Americans to return to self-reliance, homestead living

Henry David Thoreau

Renounced society, promoted self-reliance and civil disobedience

Edward Therough

that which doesn’t kill you makes you stronger

Sigmund Freud

the concept of god is a projection of childish wishes for an omnipotent protector, seek a higher power

Karl Marx

basis of communism, emphasized the class division and dangers of capitalism