PCOM FINALS

Communication

The process of exchanging thoughts, ideas, and emotions between senders and receivers.

Informative communication

Presentation of objective, truthful, and unbiased messages.

Affective communication

Expressing positive and negative feelings about people, circumstances, or events.

Imaginative communication

Expressing appreciation for fictional messages from books, films, and conversation.

Persuasive communication

Attempting to influence the beliefs or actions of others.

Ritualistic communication

Meeting social expectations.

Rhetorical situation

The specific moment of communication that involves the author, audience, purpose, topic, and context.

Upward communication

Communication from subordinate to management/superior.

Downward communication

Communication from higher level to lower level.

Horizontal communication

Communication among employees of equal rank.

Diagonal communication

Communication that crosses work areas and organizational levels.

Conflict

The struggle associated with opposing or incompatible goals, desires, demands, wants, or needs.

Grapevine communication

Informal channel of business communication that stretches throughout the organization.

Descriptive feedback

Feedback that describes or provides information about a task or performance.

Evaluative feedback

Feedback that provides an evaluation or judgment of a task or performance.

Prescriptive feedback

Feedback that offers suggestions or recommendations for improvement.

Minutes of the meeting

Written or recorded documentation used to inform attendees and non-attendees about what was discussed and happened during a meeting.

Memorandum

Written communication used to communicate policies, procedures, or related official business within an organization.

Academic integrity

Moral codes or ethical policy of academia, including values such as avoidance of cheating or plagiarism, maintenance of academic standards, honesty, and rigor in research and academic publishing.

Academic dishonesty

Any type of cheating that occurs in relation to formal academic exercise, including plagiarism, fabrication, cheating, and sabotage.

Plagiarism

Adoption or reproduction of ideas or words or statements of another person without due acknowledgment.

Fabrication

Falsification of data, information, or citations in any formal academic exercise.

Cheating

Any attempt to give or obtain assistance in a formal academic exercise (like an examination) without due acknowledgment.

Sabotage

Acting to prevent others from completing their work, including cutting pages out of library books or disrupting the experiments of others.

Intellectual property

Creations of the mind, such as inventions, literary and artistic works, designs and symbols, names and images used in commerce.

Copyright

The legal rights that creators have over their literary and artistic works.

Patents

Exclusive rights granted for an invention, which is a product or a process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem.

Trademarks

Signs capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one enterprise from those of other enterprises.

Intellectual Property Rights

Legal protections for creations of the mind, such as inventions, literary and artistic works, designs, and symbols.

Industrial Design

The ornamental or aesthetic aspect of an article, which can include three-dimensional features like shape or two-dimensional features like patterns, lines, or color.

Academic Writing

The style of writing used in educational settings, characterized by clarity and the ability to convey complete thoughts and purpose.

Research

A process of scientific thinking that leads to the discovery or establishment of new knowledge or truth, involving the continuous exploration of the unknown.

Rationale of the Research

A written statement that explains the reasons and justifications for conducting a research project, informing the reader about the study's impact.

Research Methodology

A systematic process of collecting information and data to investigate and analyze a phenomenon, condition, or problem.

Sampling Method

The process of selecting a subset of individuals or items from a larger population for research purposes.

Probability Sampling Methods

Sampling methods where each member of the population has a known non-zero probability of being selected, including random sampling, systematic sampling, and stratified sampling.

Nonprobability Sampling Methods

Sampling methods where members are selected from the population in a nonrandom manner, including convenience sampling, judgment sampling, quota sampling, and snowball sampling.

Chapter 1

The Problem and Its Background:The first chapter of a research report, which includes the introduction, background of the study, statement of the problem/research objectives, assumptions/hypotheses, significance of the study, limitation/delimitation of the study, and definition of terms.

Chapter 2

Review of the Related Literature:The second chapter of a research report, which involves reviewing published and unpublished literature and studies related to the research topic, synthesizing the literature, and establishing the relevance to the current study.