Software Design and Architecture

sessia

Which of these are desirable characteristics of a software design? (Choose the three)

reusability, flexible, maintainability

You are writing out a CRC card for a bank machine component. Under which section should you put "Track Cash Remaining."

Responsibility

Which two of these are likely to be a part of conceptual design?

Mockups, CRC Cards

When during the design process are you likely to produce CRC cards the most?

conceptual design

An object which is responsible for showing data to the user could be considered which category of object?

boundary

What is a requirement of this form called? "As a ____, I want to ____, so that ____".

user story

You are a programmer creating software for a bank machine system. Which section of a CRC card for the bank machine component will the "User" go into?

Collaborator

Some of the earliest computing languages supported:

main program and subroutines

Sam demonstrated an important part of object-oriented design by putting attributes and behaviours into a DeliveryDriver class and exposing some. Which concept?

encapsulation

Which keywords allow your classes to achieve polymorphism in Java? (Choose 2)

implements, extends

Which is the proper way to show an abstract method in a UML class diagram?

anOperation() (in italics)

There are three different relationships that objects can have. Which best describes the relationship between a Chair and its Legs?

composition

Which is the most desirable?

high cohesion, loose coupling

Information Hiding is closely related to which core design principle?

encapsulation

During model checking, what is the name for a violation of the desired properties of the model?

Counterexample

When two processes cannot run because they are waiting on the same resource, it's called...

Deadlock

You create an object that represents a user, storing important information (preferences). What kind of object?

entity

You create an object that represents a dialog box with buttons and text fields. What kind of object?

boundary

You create an object that compares values and updates the smaller one. What kind of object?

control

Which of these is an example of a quality tradeoff?

Adding security knowing it will reduce speed

What is the term for reducing a class or object to its inputs and outputs in modelling?

black box thinking

Which of these classes is in most need of being decomposed?

Store

Which design principle enables developers to follow D.R.Y.?

generalization

Select the object pairing that has an association relationship:

Hiker - Trail

Select the object pairing that has an aggregation relationship:

Stapler - Staple

Select the object pairing that has a composition relationship:

Book - Page

How can you apply the principle of Separation of Concerns in OOP?

Separate objects or components according to their role in the software

Which of these violates Liskov's Substitution Principle?

an operation in the superclass is replaced by a different operation in the subclass

For which of these situations would you use a sequence diagram?

To show the collaborative behaviour of objects in your program

What is an abstract data type?

a type of data defined by the developer rather than the language

When is the best time to use a design pattern? (Choose 2)

For a commonly encountered issue; When explaining a solution to your fellow developers

What does it mean to "let the subclass decide" in the Factory Method Pattern?

the subclass defines the methods for concrete instantiation...

What do we call the creation of an object with 'new' in Java?

concrete instantiation

Which of these is NOT a common application of the Proxy Pattern?

information proxy

How does a Decorator Pattern work?

builds a behaviour by stacking objects

What are the object types that are used in the Composite Pattern? (Choose 2)

composite, leaf

What is the correct situation for the use of a Chain of Responsibility pattern?

You have multiple potential handlers, but only one will deal with the request

What design principles is the Command Pattern using?

Encapsulation, generalization, loose coupling

When are you most likely to need a Mediator pattern?

When you are coordinating the activities of a set of related classes

Marlon is coding a similar sequence of steps with slight differences depending on object type. Which pattern?

Template pattern

What are the important roles in the Command Pattern?

Command, Receiver, Invoker

You have a complex manufacturing task with sensors and components. Which pattern?

Mediator

You have a security system with modes: normal, lockdown, open. Which pattern?

State

One class is a mailbox, another is the owner who wants to know about new mail. Which pattern?

Observer

Select the two elements of the open/closed principle:

Open for extension; Closed for modification

What is the best description of the Dependency Inversion principle?

Client objects depend on generalizations instead of concrete objects

Which of these statements is true about the Composing Objects principle?

The first statement is true (behaviour with aggregation instead of inheritance)

How can Comments be considered a code smell?

Excessive commenting can be a coverup for bad code

What is the primitive obsession code smell about?

Overuse of primitive data types like int, long, float

You keep adding functionality to one class and it becomes a problem. Which code smell?

Large Class

Why is it important to avoid message chains?

The resulting code is usually rigid and complex

Joseph created a Deck superclass for future card back changes, but it's not used yet. Which smell?

Speculative Generality

What is the act of creating an object called?

concrete instantiation

What is the difference between Factory Method and Simple Factory?

In Factory Method, concrete instantiation is done in a designated method...

José wants to build behaviours by stacking objects. Which pattern?

Decorator Pattern

You need to connect to a third-party library with loose coupling via consistent interface. Which pattern?

Adapter

Which design principle best describes the Proxy pattern?

encapsulation, because the Proxy hides some of the detail

Ashley has a request that could be handled by one of several handlers. Which pattern?

Chain of Responsibility

Which of these is NOT a good use of the Command pattern?

Sending a command to a third-party service or library

Which code smell may become a problem with the Mediator pattern?

Large Class

Which method is found in a typical Observer class?

update()

In the MVC Pattern, which is usually made into an Observer?

View

"A class is considered closed to modification when..." — which does NOT complete accurately?

...its collaborators are fixed

How does Dependency Inversion improve systems?

Client classes become dependent on high level generalizations...

Allison has a search algorithm hard to replace everywhere. Which principle could help?

Dependency Inversion

Which principle do Long Message Chains usually violate?

Principle of Least Knowledge / Law of Demeter

What are the components of the MVC pattern?

Model, View, Controller

Interface Segregation helps avoid which code smell?

Refused Bequest

Project managers and end users — who are stakeholders in the architecture?

Both statements are true

Which UML diagrams for logical view? (Choose 2)

Class diagram; State diagram

You need to show software elements mapped to hardware. Which view?

physical view

What is the name for a physical result like an executable file?

artifact

Which keywords on lines in package diagrams?

merge, access, import

Which of these is NOT shown on an activity diagram?

interfaces

What does 'component' in component diagram refer to?

an independent, encapsulated unit in the system

Guidelines like "easy to learn", "minimize errors" fall under which quality attribute?

usability

Which is NOT a way to promote conceptual integrity?

Split the development team into subteams for each component

Who are the three main groups in ATAM?

evaluation team, project decision makers, architecture stakeholders

High users signing on — potential ASR not met. What is this?

risk scenario

According to Conway's Law, if teams are in constant contact without separation?

The components will be very tightly coupled

Which is NOT a typical advantage of product line?

greatly reduced up-front development

Backlight for reading at night in eBook reader line — where to categorize?

Product-Specific

Which view shows functional design with objects and relationships?

logical view

To which view does Package Diagram belong?

development view

Which statement about Component Diagrams is true?

They clarify dependency relationships

Which will you NOT find in a deployment diagram?

class

What is an artifact?

A physical realization of a software component

What is an abstract data type?

a data type that is not actually storing data; instead, it is used to define interfaces

Accurate statement about layered architecture:

Layered architecture is often based on layers of abstraction

Term for a machine that hosts a server?

server-host

Programs allowing recording inputs to run later are called?

macros

Data Flow Architecture is also called...

Pipe and Filter Architecture

Which is NOT a common component of event-driven architectures?

event processor

Complex systems typically need which process control?

MAPE-K

Drawback of n-Tier architecture?

Every tier demands extra resources to manage client/server relationships

Which is NOT an example of Interpreter architecture?

The kernel of an operating system

"The amount of time the system is operational over a set period" is?

availability

Which quality attribute most important from developer's perspective?

flexibility

General quality attributes have specific components called?

attribute refinement

Which strategy is NOT part of high-quality system?

Treat all quality attributes as equally important