ART 112 Early Medieval art to Gothic

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97 Terms

1

The animal head carving is the product of a culture based in: 1. Greece 2. Italy 3. Ireland 4. Norway

4. Norway

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2

The Vikings, or Norsemen, were a culture that originated in:

1. Northern France 2. Ireland 3. Denmark and Scandinavia 4. Italy

3. Denmark and Scandinavia

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3

Which of the following is a deity traditionally worshiped by the Vikings?

1. Athena 2. Thor 3. Osiris 5. Jesus

2. Thor

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4

Viking raiders began to attack the British Isles and Northern Europe around:

1. 200 B.C. 2. 300 A.D. 3. 800 A.D. 4. 1500 A.D.

3. 800 A.D.

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5

The animal head carving originally decorated a:

1. Nordic church 2. Viking ship 3. Triumphal Arch 4. Entrance to a monastery

2. Viking ship

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6

The Anglo-Saxon inhabitants of Early Medieval Britain used the word "berserk", which derives from the term for "dressed in bear skin", to describe the Viking's: 1. Sad, melancholy character 2. Crazed, violent character 3. Kind and vulnerable character 4. Taste for fashionable clothing

2. Crazed, violent character

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7

The emotion The animal head carving was most likely intended to illicit is: 1. Joy 2. Fear 3. Sadness 4. Calm

2. Fear

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8

According to a law in Early Medieval Viking culture, this type of animal head carving: 1. Must be carved on the night of a full moon. 2. Must be removed before a warship returns to port 3. Must be destroyed after any unsuccessful raid on the European coast 4. Must be interpreted as a Christian symbol

2. Must be removed before a warship returns to port

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9

The intertwining patterns on the animal head carving are similar to those found in: 1. Byzantine mosaics

2. Medieval illuminated manuscripts 3. Classical Greek friezes 4. The Egyptian Book of the Dead

2. Medieval illuminated manuscripts

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10

Around what year did the Viking chieftain Rolf adopt Christianity and assume the name and title of Rollo, Duke of Normandy (in Northern France)? 1. 511 A.D. 2. 911 A.D. 3. 1311 A.D. 4. 1911 A.D.

2. 911 A.D.

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11

The stave church at Urnes incorporates structural forms derived from:

1. Egyptian pylons 2. Greek temple fronts 3. Roman triumphal arches 4. None of the above

4. None of the above

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12

The ornamental carving around the side entrance to The stave church derives from: 1. Egyptian art 2. Greco-Roman art 3. Byzantine art 4. Pre-Christian Nordic (Viking) art

4. Pre-Christian Nordic (Viking) art

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13

The two creatures represented within the intertwining lines of the ornamentation at The stave church may be:

1. A deer and a hunter 2. A lion and a snake 3. A bird and fish 4. A bear and a deer

2. A lion and a snake

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14

The two creatures represented within the intertwining lines of the ornamentation at The stave church may symbolize:

1. Osiris and Horus 2. Zeus and Mars 3. Thor and Loki 4. Christ and the Devil

4. Christ and the Devil

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15

These images (Christ Enthroned and The Virgin and Child) were created in a monastery in: 1. Greece 2. Germany 3. Ireland 4. Norway

3. Ireland

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16

The world "monastery" comes from the Latin word meaning:

1. To praise God 2. To live alone 3. To feel penitent 4. To die a martyr

2. To live alone

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17

What is a "manuscript"? 1. A hand-written document 2. A book written on parchment 3. A book written on vellum 4. A scroll written on papyrus

1. A hand-written document

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18

What term is used to refer to a painting in a medieval manuscript?

1. Fresco 2. Relief 3. Mosaic 4. Illumination

4. Illumination

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19

Where and when was the style of manuscript illumination referred to as the "insular style" produced?

1. Early Medieval Norway 2. Early Medieval Ireland and Britain 3. High Medieval Paris (France) 4. Renaissance Florence (Italy)

2. Early Medieval Ireland and Britain

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20

The peacocks on either side of Christ's head symbolize (Christ Enthroned and The Virgin and Child):

1. Vanity 2. The Holy Land 3. Eternal life 4. Original Sin

3. Eternal life

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21

The intertwining forms in these image (Christ Enthroned and The Virgin and Child) derive from:

1. Roman art 2. Nordic art 3. Greek art 4. Byzantine art

2. Nordic art

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22

The style of the figures in these images (Christ Enthroned and The Virgin and Child) is best described as:

1. Realistic 2. Naturalistic 3. Idealized 4. Abstract

4. Abstract

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23

Which of the following aspects of Greco-Roman classical art seem to have influenced the style of the figures in the Book of Kells? 1. Contrapposto 2. Ideal, naturalistic beauty 3. The appeal of the nude body 4. None of the above aspects of Greco-Roman classical art are present in the Book of Kells

4. None of the above aspects of Greco-Roman classical art are present in the Book of Kells

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24

What can we conclude regarding the artistic style of the Book of Kells? 1. Its style developed separately from Greco-Roman art, but seems to be influenced by pre-Christian Nordic art 2. Its style was heavily influenced by Greco-Roman art, and not at all influenced by pre-Christian Nordic art 3. Its style was equally influenced by Greco-Roman and pre-Christian Nordic art

1. Its style developed separately from Greco-Roman art, but seems to be influenced by pre-Christian Nordic art

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25

These images (Doors of Bishop Bernward)were created for a monastery church in: 1. Greece 2. Germany 3. Ireland 4. Norway

2. Germany

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26

The scenes on these doors (Doors of Bishop Bernward)represent stories from the lives of:

1. Old Testament prophets and the twelve apostles 2. The Virgin Mary and Christ 3. Bishop Bernward and Saint Hildesheim 4. Adam and Eve, and Christ

4. Adam and Eve, and Christ

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27

The story of Adam and Eve appears in the: 1. Old Testament 2. New Testament

1. Old Testament

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28

The story of Jesus appears in the: 1. Old Testament 2. New Testament

2. New Testament

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29

The main theme of the iconography of these scenes (Doors of Bishop Bernward)is: 1. The relationship between Mary and Jesus 2. The spiritual power of pilgrimage and holy relics 3. The origin of human sin and redemption through Christ 4. The separation of the damned and blessed at the Last Judgment

3. The origin of human sin and redemption through Christ

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30

The lion head doorknocker on this door (Doors of Bishop Bernward)shares stylistic traits with: 1. Ancient Greek art, like the Doryphorus 2. Ancient Roman art, like the reliefs on the Arch of Titus 3. Medieval art, like the Book of Kells

3. Medieval art, like the Book of Kells

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31

The style of the human figures on these doors (Doors of Bishop Bernward)expresses: 1. Human frailty and vulnerability 2. Ideal human proportions and perfect beauty 3. The God-like strength and intelligence of human beings 4. The Platonic concept of the relationship between physical beauty and divinity

1. Human frailty and vulnerability

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32

Compared to the figures of Adam and Eve on the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, the figures on the Doors of Bishop Bernward are:

1. Closer in style to Greco-Roman classical art 2. Less close in style to Greco-Roman classical art

2. Less close in style to Greco-Roman classical art

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33

Compared to the reliefs on the ancient Roman Arch of Titus, the reliefs on the Doors of Bishop Bernward are: 1. Later and more abstract 2. Earlier and more abstract 3. Later and more naturalistic 4. Earlier and more naturalistic

1. Later and more abstract

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34

This church (Façade of St. Pantaleon)is located in: 1. Germany 2. France 3. Italy 4. Greece

1. Germany

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35

The dates for the Romanesque style are approximately:

1. 700 - 900 A.D. 2. 900 - 1100 A.D. 3. 1100 - 1300 A.D. 4. 1300- 1500 A.D.

2. 900 - 1100 A.D.

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36

The Romanesque architectural style that began to emerge around 900 A.D. draws upon the architectural forms of: 1. Egyptian buildings 2. Greco-Roman buildings

2. Greco-Roman buildings

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37

The decoration on the part of this façade (Façade of St. Pantaleon) above the arched entrance resembles:

1. An Egyptian Pylon 2. A classical temple front 3. A triumphal arch 4. A Gothic Cathedral

2. A classical temple front

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38

Which of the following buildings bears some resemblance to ancient Greco-Roman architecture, while differing considerably from the classical style in shape and proportions?

1. The Parthenon 2. The Pantheon 3. The Arch of Titus 4. The church of St. Pantaleon

4. The church of St. Pantaleon

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39

The blind arcades just below the two strips of horizontal molding on the façade of this church are called: 1. Greek bands 2. Lombard bands 3. Roman bands 4. Doric bands

2. Lombard bands

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40

This church (Façade of San Miniato al Monte) is located in: 1. Ireland 2. Germany 3. Italy 4. Greece

3. Italy

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41

This church (Façade of San Miniato al Monte) is dedicated to:

1. The Virgin Mary 2. A Christian martyr 3. Holy Wisdom 4. Christ the Pantocrator

2. A Christian martyr

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42

The upper part of the façade (Façade of San Miniato al Monte) of this church resembles:

1. An Egyptian Pylon 2. A classical temple front 3. A Triumphal Arch 4. A Gothic Cathedral

2. A classical temple front

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43

Spoglia are: 1. the small arches in a decorative blind arcade 2. parts of preexisting buildings reused in new ones 3. parts of a deceased holy person's body kept as an object of reverence 4. the parts of a church in which relics are kept

2. parts of preexisting buildings reused in new ones

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44

The complex, interwoven patterns that decorate this façade (Façade of San Miniato al Monte)are most reminiscent of:

1. Classical Greek architectural ornament 2. Medieval manuscript illumination

2. Medieval manuscript illumination

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45

The image of Christ in the center of the upper portion of this façade (Façade of San Miniato al Monte)is in which style?

1. Greco-Roman 2. Byzantine 3. Gothic 4. Egyptian

2. Byzantine

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46

Many churches from the Romanesque period, like this one(Façade of San Miniato al Monte), have a split-level nave—what was the function of the two levels? 1. Upper level: altar for saying Mass; lower level: crypt containing relics of a saint 2. Upper level: cult statue representing the local saint; lower level: living quarters for the priests 3. Upper level: space for preaching sermons; lower level: restrooms

1. Upper level: altar for saying Mass; lower level: crypt containing relics of a saint

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47

A reliquary is: 1. A book which tells the story of a relic 2. A person who travels to various churches and holy sites for the purpose of venerating relics 3. A theological debate intended to establish the authenticity of a relic 4. An object used to contain and display a relic

4. An object used to contain and display a relic

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48

Which of the following did NOT occur during the age of the Gothic Cathedrals? 1. Towns and cities in Western Europe grew in size and population 2. Cathedrals were built that rivaled the architecture of Greco-Roman antiquity in size and technical sophistication 3. A downturn in commercial activity weakened the European economy, making the construction of large-scale architecture impossible 4. The cult of the Virgin Mary grew in popularity

3. A downturn in commercial activity weakened the European economy, making the construction of large-scale architecture impossible

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49

The Gothic style first appeared in: 1. Germany 2. Italy 3. France 4. Ireland

3. France

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50

Who first applied the term "Gothic" to the architecture of the High Middle Ages?

1. Medieval Germans 2. Ancient Romans 3. The Vikings of Denmark 4. Renaissance Italians

4. Renaissance Italians

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51

What opinion did the people who first applied the term "Gothic" to High Medieval architecture hold regarding that architecture? 1. They regarded it as extremely beautiful, and worthy of the task of exalting God through art 2. They regarded it as too secular, and too closely related to pagan, Greco-Roman architecture 3. They regarded it as barbaric, because it was not done in the ancient Greco-Roman style

3. They regarded it as barbaric, because it was not done in the ancient Greco-Roman style

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52

This church (Cathedral of Notre Dame, Reims)is dedicated to:

1. The Virgin Mary 2. A Christian martyr 3. Holy Wisdom 4. Christ the Pantocrator

1. The Virgin Mary

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53

Which of the follow is NOT a characteristic element in Gothic ornament?

1. Lombard bands 2. Finials 3. Tracery 4. Pointed arches

1. Lombard bands

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54

Finial

finial

<p>finial</p>
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55

Tracery

tracery

<p>tracery</p>
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56

crocket

crocket

Google this one more

<p>crocket</p><p>Google this one more</p>
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57

Given that this church (Cathedral of Notre Dame, Chartres)has pointed arches, finials, and tracery, you know that its style is:

1. Egyptian 2. Greco-Roman 3. Romanesque 4. Gothic

4. Gothic

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58

This church (Cathedral of Notre Dame, Chartres)is dedicated to:

1. The Virgin Mary 2. A Christian martyr 3. Holy Wisdom 4. Christ the Pantocrator

1. The Virgin Mary

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59

What relic is housed in this church? (Cathedral of Notre Dame, Chartres) 1. A piece of the Virgin Mary's clothing 2. A strand of the Virgin Mary's hair 3. A sliver of the cross on which Jesus was crucified 3. A thorn from Jesus's crown

1. A piece of the Virgin Mary's clothing

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60

An architectural structure used in Gothic churches to permit more wall space to be dedicated to windows is the: 1. Flying buttress 2. Pendentive 3. Barrel vault 4. Dome

1. Flying buttress

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61

The plan of the Cathedral of Chartres shows that the building has:

1. A nave 2. A transept 3. An apse 4. All of the above

4. All of the above

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62

The interiors of Gothic churches are typically ornamented by:

1. Fresco paintings 2. Gold mosaics 3. Stained glass 4. Spoglia

3. Stained glass

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63

A "rose window", circular in shape, with lots of tracery and stained glass, is a common feature of:

1. Egyptian temples 2. Greco-Roman temples 3. Romanesque churches 4. Gothic churches

4. Gothic churches

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64

This statue (Virgin and Child) was a gift to a cathedral from: 1. A group of English peasants 2. The Italian writer Dante Alighieri 3. The queen of France 3. The king of Spain

3. The queen of France

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65

Which of the authors from your readings would be most likely to object to this statue?(Virgin and Child)

1. Gregory the Great 2. Bernard of Clairvaux 3. Quintilian 4. Dante Alighieri

2. Bernard of Clairvaux

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66

This object (Virgin and Child)serves as a reliquary for: 1. a piece of the Virgin Mary's clothing 2. a strand of the Virgin Mary's hair 3. a sliver of the cross on which Jesus was crucified 3. a thorn from Jesus's crown

2. a strand of the Virgin Mary's hair

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67

The four narrative images on the base of this statue (Virgin and Child)represent scenes from: 1. The Passion of Christ 2. Christ's childhood 2. Christ's ministry 3. The Last Judgment 4. Greco-Roman mythology

1. The Passion of Christ

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68

This statue (Virgin and Child) seems to mark a return in art to: 1. The beauty of the human body, naturalistically depicted

2. Highly abstract art that creates an otherworldly impression 3. Menacing animal forms designed to instill fear 4. Menacing human forms designed to instill fear

1. The beauty of the human body, naturalistically depicted

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69

What does the phrase "Gothic sway" refer to? 1. The tendency of Gothic cathedrals to sway in the wind, due to their great height 2. The revival in High Medieval, Gothic art of the classical contrapposto pose

3. A graceful curvature characteristic of Gothic depictions of the human body 4. A dance that was common at Medieval parties and religious gatherings

3. A graceful curvature characteristic of Gothic depictions of the human body

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70

This illuminated manuscript (Abraham, Sarah, and the Three Strangers)belonged to: 1. The bishop of Chartres cathedral 2. Bernard of Clairvaux 3. The king of France 4. A monastic order

3. The king of France

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71

Which of these cities was the European capital of illuminated manuscript production in the later middle ages? 1. Rome 2. Paris 3. Cologne 4. Florence

2. Paris

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72

Christians regarded the "three strangers" in this Old Testament story as a reference to which Christian doctrine or concept?(Abraham, Sarah, and the Three Strangers) 1. The Trinity 2. Salvation 3. Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise 4. Christ's birth, death, and resurrection

1. The Trinity

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73

The intertwined forms on the borders of this image (Abraham, Sarah, and the Three Strangers)recall the decorative elements on: 1. The Book of Kells 2. The façade of St. Pantaleon 3. The Arch of Titus 4. The Byzantine icon of the Virgin and Child with Saints and Angels

1. The Book of Kells

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74

The "Gothic sway" of the angel on the left side of this image (Abraham, Sarah, and the Three Strangers)is closest to the pose of: 1. Polykleitos's Doryphorus 2. The figure of Eve on the Doors of Bishop Bernward 3. The gold statue of the Virgin and Child, donated to a French cathedral by the queen of France 4. The figure of Mary on the left side in the Daphni monastery Crucifixion mosaic

3. The gold statue of the Virgin and Child, donated to a French cathedral by the queen of France

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75

The medium of this painting (Madonna Enthroned)is: 1. Fresco 2. Tempera on panel 3. Oil on canvas 4. None of the above

2. Tempera on panel

Google Tempra

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76

The artist who created this image (Madonna Enthroned)was from 1. Germany 2. France 3. Italy 4. Greece

3. Italy

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77

What is the name of Cimabue's famous pupil? 1. Giotto 2. Michelangelo 3. Botticelli 4. Leonardo

1. Giotto

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78

Altarpieces are a category of religious image most closely associated with which of the following?

1. Baptism 2. Pilgrimage 3. The Eucharist 4. Monastic life

3. The Eucharist

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79

Where would altarpieces like this one be located?(Madonna Enthroned) 1. In cemeteries 2. On altars in churches 3. In a reliquary 4. In Purgatory

2. On altars in churches

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80

What was the main function of an altarpiece? 1. To give bored church-goers something to look at while they waited for Mass to conclude 2. To provide people who are taking the eucharist at Mass with an image to help them focus on the eucharist's significance for human salvation 3. To mark the burial place of fallen warriors who died while defending the Christian faith

2. To provide people who are taking the eucharist at Mass with an image to help them focus on the eucharist's significance for human salvation

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81

The four figures at the bottom of this image(Madonna Enthroned) are:

1. Apostles 2. Old Testament prophets 3. Martyr saints 4. Angels without wings

2. Old Testament prophets

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82

In this painting(Madonna Enthroned), the style of the drapery in the Virgin Mary's robe is closest to the drapery of the figures in which of the following images? 1. The Roman Traveling Musicians mosaic 2. The Byzantine Pantocrator mosaic 3. The Book of Kells 4. The Gothic Psalter of Saint Louis

2. The Byzantine Pantocrator mosaic

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83

In this image(Giotto, Madonna Enthroned,), the throne in which the Virgin Mary's sits is closest in style to which of the following?

1. Egyptian architecture 2. Greco-Roman architecture 3. Romanesque architecture 4. Gothic architecture

4. Gothic architecture

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84

Compared to Cimabue's Madonna Enthroned, Giotto's version is: 1. Earlier and more naturalistic

2. Earlier and more abstract 3. Later and more naturalistic 4. Later and more abstract

3. Later and more naturalistic

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85

Which of the following authors from your readings makes reference to Giotto and Cimabue?

1. Lucian 2. Pope Gregory the Great 3. Bernard of Clairvaux 4. Dante Alighieri

4. Dante Alighieri

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86

What is the point of Dante's reference in his Divine Comedy to the painters Giotto and Cimabue? 1. In the history of art, great artists always tend to appear in pairs 2. Giotto is overrated, and his teacher Cimabue was actually the better artist 3. Unlike the manuscript illuminator Oderisi, Giotto and Cimabue were not prideful about their art, and therefore would not suffer the torments that Oderisi suffers in Purgatory

4. The pride that many great artists have in their art is a sin, and can result in their having to spend time in Purgatory after death

4. The pride that many great artists have in their art is a sin, and can result in their having to spend time in Purgatory after death???

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87

The word "Scrovegni" in the name "Scrovegni Chapel" refers to: 1. The subject matter of this work

2. The person who commissioned this work 3. The city in which this work is located 4. The style of this work

2. The person who commissioned this work

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88

The person who commissioned these frescos (Scenes from the Lives of Mary and Jesus and The Last Judgment,

Fresco, Scrovegni Chapel)was a: 1. Priest 2. Monk 3. Painter 4. Banker

4. Banker

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89

Enrico Scrovegni's father is referred to in a book by which of these authors?

1. Lucian 2. Pope Gregory the Great 3. Bernard of Clairvaux 4. Dante Alighieri

4. Dante Alighieri

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90

In Dante's Divine Comedy, what sin is Enrico Scrovegni being punished for? 1. Lust (sexual desire) 2. Vanity (excessive preoccupation with and pride in one's physical appearance) 3. Usury (lending money at interest) 4. Blasphemy (swearing, especially against God)

3. Usury (lending money at interest)

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91

The story of the "Last Judgment" is told in which book of the Bible? 1. Genesis 2. Exodus 3. The Gospel of Luke 3. The Book of Revelation

3. The Book of Revelation

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92

In representations of the Last Judgment, the damned are placed: 1. On Christ's left 2. On Christ's right

3. Above Christ 4. There was no fixed convention for their placement

1. On Christ's left

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93

In representations of the Last Judgment, the blessed (those who go to heaven) are placed: 1. On Christ's left 2. On Christ's right 3. Above Christ 4. There was no fixed convention for their placement

2. On Christ's right

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94

In Giotto's scene of Hell, what sin is the person hanging from his tongue probably being punished for? 1. Lust (sexual desire) 2. Vanity (excessive preoccupation with and pride in one's physical appearance) 3. Usury (lending money at interest) 4. Blasphemy (swearing, especially against God)

4. Blasphemy (swearing, especially against God)

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95

In Giotto's scene of Hell, what sin are the people hanging from their genitals probably being punished for? 1. Lust (sexual desire) 2. Vanity (excessive preoccupation with and pride in one's physical appearance) 3. Usury (lending money at interest) 4. Blasphemy (swearing, especially against God)

1. Lust (sexual desire)

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96

In what way does Giotto's Last Judgment appear to contradict Jesus's words in the Bible? 1. Giotto shows Angels without wings 2. Giotto shows demons tormenting the lustful 3. Giotto shows poor people entering heaven last, after the wealthy ones 4. Giotto depicts priest and members of religious orders being tormented in hell

3. Giotto shows poor people entering heaven last, after the wealthy ones

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97

What is Enrico Scrovegni shown doing where he appears in this fresco? 1. ascending into heaven

2. donating a building to holy figures 3. suffering in hell with the usurers 4. suffering in hell with the lustful

2. donating a building to holy figures

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