ART 112 Early Medieval art to Gothic

The animal head carving is the product of a culture based in: 1. Greece 2. Italy 3. Ireland 4. Norway

4. Norway

The Vikings, or Norsemen, were a culture that originated in:

1. Northern France 2. Ireland 3. Denmark and Scandinavia 4. Italy

3. Denmark and Scandinavia

Which of the following is a deity traditionally worshiped by the Vikings?

1. Athena 2. Thor 3. Osiris 5. Jesus

2. Thor

Viking raiders began to attack the British Isles and Northern Europe around:

1. 200 B.C. 2. 300 A.D. 3. 800 A.D. 4. 1500 A.D.

3. 800 A.D.

The animal head carving originally decorated a:

1. Nordic church 2. Viking ship 3. Triumphal Arch 4. Entrance to a monastery

2. Viking ship

The Anglo-Saxon inhabitants of Early Medieval Britain used the word "berserk", which derives from the term for "dressed in bear skin", to describe the Viking's: 1. Sad, melancholy character 2. Crazed, violent character 3. Kind and vulnerable character 4. Taste for fashionable clothing

2. Crazed, violent character

The emotion The animal head carving was most likely intended to illicit is: 1. Joy 2. Fear 3. Sadness 4. Calm

2. Fear

According to a law in Early Medieval Viking culture, this type of animal head carving: 1. Must be carved on the night of a full moon. 2. Must be removed before a warship returns to port 3. Must be destroyed after any unsuccessful raid on the European coast 4. Must be interpreted as a Christian symbol

2. Must be removed before a warship returns to port

The intertwining patterns on the animal head carving are similar to those found in: 1. Byzantine mosaics

2. Medieval illuminated manuscripts 3. Classical Greek friezes 4. The Egyptian Book of the Dead

2. Medieval illuminated manuscripts

Around what year did the Viking chieftain Rolf adopt Christianity and assume the name and title of Rollo, Duke of Normandy (in Northern France)? 1. 511 A.D. 2. 911 A.D. 3. 1311 A.D. 4. 1911 A.D.

2. 911 A.D.

The stave church at Urnes incorporates structural forms derived from:

1. Egyptian pylons 2. Greek temple fronts 3. Roman triumphal arches 4. None of the above

4. None of the above

The ornamental carving around the side entrance to The stave church derives from: 1. Egyptian art 2. Greco-Roman art 3. Byzantine art 4. Pre-Christian Nordic (Viking) art

4. Pre-Christian Nordic (Viking) art

The two creatures represented within the intertwining lines of the ornamentation at The stave church may be:

1. A deer and a hunter 2. A lion and a snake 3. A bird and fish 4. A bear and a deer

2. A lion and a snake

The two creatures represented within the intertwining lines of the ornamentation at The stave church may symbolize:

1. Osiris and Horus 2. Zeus and Mars 3. Thor and Loki 4. Christ and the Devil

4. Christ and the Devil

These images (Christ Enthroned and The Virgin and Child) were created in a monastery in: 1. Greece 2. Germany 3. Ireland 4. Norway

3. Ireland

The world "monastery" comes from the Latin word meaning:

1. To praise God 2. To live alone 3. To feel penitent 4. To die a martyr

2. To live alone

What is a "manuscript"? 1. A hand-written document 2. A book written on parchment 3. A book written on vellum 4. A scroll written on papyrus

1. A hand-written document

What term is used to refer to a painting in a medieval manuscript?

1. Fresco 2. Relief 3. Mosaic 4. Illumination

4. Illumination

Where and when was the style of manuscript illumination referred to as the "insular style" produced?

1. Early Medieval Norway 2. Early Medieval Ireland and Britain 3. High Medieval Paris (France) 4. Renaissance Florence (Italy)

2. Early Medieval Ireland and Britain

The peacocks on either side of Christ's head symbolize (Christ Enthroned and The Virgin and Child):

1. Vanity 2. The Holy Land 3. Eternal life 4. Original Sin

3. Eternal life

The intertwining forms in these image (Christ Enthroned and The Virgin and Child) derive from:

1. Roman art 2. Nordic art 3. Greek art 4. Byzantine art

2. Nordic art

The style of the figures in these images (Christ Enthroned and The Virgin and Child) is best described as:

1. Realistic 2. Naturalistic 3. Idealized 4. Abstract

4. Abstract

Which of the following aspects of Greco-Roman classical art seem to have influenced the style of the figures in the Book of Kells? 1. Contrapposto 2. Ideal, naturalistic beauty 3. The appeal of the nude body 4. None of the above aspects of Greco-Roman classical art are present in the Book of Kells

4. None of the above aspects of Greco-Roman classical art are present in the Book of Kells

What can we conclude regarding the artistic style of the Book of Kells? 1. Its style developed separately from Greco-Roman art, but seems to be influenced by pre-Christian Nordic art 2. Its style was heavily influenced by Greco-Roman art, and not at all influenced by pre-Christian Nordic art 3. Its style was equally influenced by Greco-Roman and pre-Christian Nordic art

1. Its style developed separately from Greco-Roman art, but seems to be influenced by pre-Christian Nordic art

These images (Doors of Bishop Bernward)were created for a monastery church in: 1. Greece 2. Germany 3. Ireland 4. Norway

2. Germany

The scenes on these doors (Doors of Bishop Bernward)represent stories from the lives of:

1. Old Testament prophets and the twelve apostles 2. The Virgin Mary and Christ 3. Bishop Bernward and Saint Hildesheim 4. Adam and Eve, and Christ

4. Adam and Eve, and Christ

The story of Adam and Eve appears in the: 1. Old Testament 2. New Testament

1. Old Testament

The story of Jesus appears in the: 1. Old Testament 2. New Testament

2. New Testament

The main theme of the iconography of these scenes (Doors of Bishop Bernward)is: 1. The relationship between Mary and Jesus 2. The spiritual power of pilgrimage and holy relics 3. The origin of human sin and redemption through Christ 4. The separation of the damned and blessed at the Last Judgment

3. The origin of human sin and redemption through Christ

The lion head doorknocker on this door (Doors of Bishop Bernward)shares stylistic traits with: 1. Ancient Greek art, like the Doryphorus 2. Ancient Roman art, like the reliefs on the Arch of Titus 3. Medieval art, like the Book of Kells

3. Medieval art, like the Book of Kells

The style of the human figures on these doors (Doors of Bishop Bernward)expresses: 1. Human frailty and vulnerability 2. Ideal human proportions and perfect beauty 3. The God-like strength and intelligence of human beings 4. The Platonic concept of the relationship between physical beauty and divinity

1. Human frailty and vulnerability

Compared to the figures of Adam and Eve on the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, the figures on the Doors of Bishop Bernward are:

1. Closer in style to Greco-Roman classical art 2. Less close in style to Greco-Roman classical art

2. Less close in style to Greco-Roman classical art

Compared to the reliefs on the ancient Roman Arch of Titus, the reliefs on the Doors of Bishop Bernward are: 1. Later and more abstract 2. Earlier and more abstract 3. Later and more naturalistic 4. Earlier and more naturalistic

1. Later and more abstract

This church (Façade of St. Pantaleon)is located in: 1. Germany 2. France 3. Italy 4. Greece

1. Germany

The dates for the Romanesque style are approximately:

1. 700 - 900 A.D. 2. 900 - 1100 A.D. 3. 1100 - 1300 A.D. 4. 1300- 1500 A.D.

2. 900 - 1100 A.D.

The Romanesque architectural style that began to emerge around 900 A.D. draws upon the architectural forms of: 1. Egyptian buildings 2. Greco-Roman buildings

2. Greco-Roman buildings

The decoration on the part of this façade (Façade of St. Pantaleon) above the arched entrance resembles:

1. An Egyptian Pylon 2. A classical temple front 3. A triumphal arch 4. A Gothic Cathedral

2. A classical temple front

Which of the following buildings bears some resemblance to ancient Greco-Roman architecture, while differing considerably from the classical style in shape and proportions?

1. The Parthenon 2. The Pantheon 3. The Arch of Titus 4. The church of St. Pantaleon

4. The church of St. Pantaleon

The blind arcades just below the two strips of horizontal molding on the façade of this church are called: 1. Greek bands 2. Lombard bands 3. Roman bands 4. Doric bands

2. Lombard bands

This church (Façade of San Miniato al Monte) is located in: 1. Ireland 2. Germany 3. Italy 4. Greece

3. Italy

This church (Façade of San Miniato al Monte) is dedicated to:

1. The Virgin Mary 2. A Christian martyr 3. Holy Wisdom 4. Christ the Pantocrator

2. A Christian martyr

The upper part of the façade (Façade of San Miniato al Monte) of this church resembles:

1. An Egyptian Pylon 2. A classical temple front 3. A Triumphal Arch 4. A Gothic Cathedral

2. A classical temple front

Spoglia are: 1. the small arches in a decorative blind arcade 2. parts of preexisting buildings reused in new ones 3. parts of a deceased holy person's body kept as an object of reverence 4. the parts of a church in which relics are kept

2. parts of preexisting buildings reused in new ones

The complex, interwoven patterns that decorate this façade (Façade of San Miniato al Monte)are most reminiscent of:

1. Classical Greek architectural ornament 2. Medieval manuscript illumination

2. Medieval manuscript illumination

The image of Christ in the center of the upper portion of this façade (Façade of San Miniato al Monte)is in which style?

1. Greco-Roman 2. Byzantine 3. Gothic 4. Egyptian

2. Byzantine

Many churches from the Romanesque period, like this one(Façade of San Miniato al Monte), have a split-level nave—what was the function of the two levels? 1. Upper level: altar for saying Mass; lower level: crypt containing relics of a saint 2. Upper level: cult statue representing the local saint; lower level: living quarters for the priests 3. Upper level: space for preaching sermons; lower level: restrooms

1. Upper level: altar for saying Mass; lower level: crypt containing relics of a saint

A reliquary is: 1. A book which tells the story of a relic 2. A person who travels to various churches and holy sites for the purpose of venerating relics 3. A theological debate intended to establish the authenticity of a relic 4. An object used to contain and display a relic

4. An object used to contain and display a relic

Which of the following did NOT occur during the age of the Gothic Cathedrals? 1. Towns and cities in Western Europe grew in size and population 2. Cathedrals were built that rivaled the architecture of Greco-Roman antiquity in size and technical sophistication 3. A downturn in commercial activity weakened the European economy, making the construction of large-scale architecture impossible 4. The cult of the Virgin Mary grew in popularity

3. A downturn in commercial activity weakened the European economy, making the construction of large-scale architecture impossible

The Gothic style first appeared in: 1. Germany 2. Italy 3. France 4. Ireland

3. France

Who first applied the term "Gothic" to the architecture of the High Middle Ages?

1. Medieval Germans 2. Ancient Romans 3. The Vikings of Denmark 4. Renaissance Italians

4. Renaissance Italians

What opinion did the people who first applied the term "Gothic" to High Medieval architecture hold regarding that architecture? 1. They regarded it as extremely beautiful, and worthy of the task of exalting God through art 2. They regarded it as too secular, and too closely related to pagan, Greco-Roman architecture 3. They regarded it as barbaric, because it was not done in the ancient Greco-Roman style

3. They regarded it as barbaric, because it was not done in the ancient Greco-Roman style

This church (Cathedral of Notre Dame, Reims)is dedicated to:

1. The Virgin Mary 2. A Christian martyr 3. Holy Wisdom 4. Christ the Pantocrator

1. The Virgin Mary

Which of the follow is NOT a characteristic element in Gothic ornament?

1. Lombard bands 2. Finials 3. Tracery 4. Pointed arches

1. Lombard bands

Finial

finial

Tracery

tracery

crocket

crocket

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Given that this church (Cathedral of Notre Dame, Chartres)has pointed arches, finials, and tracery, you know that its style is:

1. Egyptian 2. Greco-Roman 3. Romanesque 4. Gothic

4. Gothic

This church (Cathedral of Notre Dame, Chartres)is dedicated to:

1. The Virgin Mary 2. A Christian martyr 3. Holy Wisdom 4. Christ the Pantocrator

1. The Virgin Mary

What relic is housed in this church? (Cathedral of Notre Dame, Chartres) 1. A piece of the Virgin Mary's clothing 2. A strand of the Virgin Mary's hair 3. A sliver of the cross on which Jesus was crucified 3. A thorn from Jesus's crown

1. A piece of the Virgin Mary's clothing

An architectural structure used in Gothic churches to permit more wall space to be dedicated to windows is the: 1. Flying buttress 2. Pendentive 3. Barrel vault 4. Dome

1. Flying buttress

The plan of the Cathedral of Chartres shows that the building has:

1. A nave 2. A transept 3. An apse 4. All of the above

4. All of the above

The interiors of Gothic churches are typically ornamented by:

1. Fresco paintings 2. Gold mosaics 3. Stained glass 4. Spoglia

3. Stained glass

A "rose window", circular in shape, with lots of tracery and stained glass, is a common feature of:

1. Egyptian temples 2. Greco-Roman temples 3. Romanesque churches 4. Gothic churches

4. Gothic churches

This statue (Virgin and Child) was a gift to a cathedral from: 1. A group of English peasants 2. The Italian writer Dante Alighieri 3. The queen of France 3. The king of Spain

3. The queen of France

Which of the authors from your readings would be most likely to object to this statue?(Virgin and Child)

1. Gregory the Great 2. Bernard of Clairvaux 3. Quintilian 4. Dante Alighieri

2. Bernard of Clairvaux

This object (Virgin and Child)serves as a reliquary for: 1. a piece of the Virgin Mary's clothing 2. a strand of the Virgin Mary's hair 3. a sliver of the cross on which Jesus was crucified 3. a thorn from Jesus's crown

2. a strand of the Virgin Mary's hair

The four narrative images on the base of this statue (Virgin and Child)represent scenes from: 1. The Passion of Christ 2. Christ's childhood 2. Christ's ministry 3. The Last Judgment 4. Greco-Roman mythology

1. The Passion of Christ

This statue (Virgin and Child) seems to mark a return in art to: 1. The beauty of the human body, naturalistically depicted

2. Highly abstract art that creates an otherworldly impression 3. Menacing animal forms designed to instill fear 4. Menacing human forms designed to instill fear

1. The beauty of the human body, naturalistically depicted

What does the phrase "Gothic sway" refer to? 1. The tendency of Gothic cathedrals to sway in the wind, due to their great height 2. The revival in High Medieval, Gothic art of the classical contrapposto pose

3. A graceful curvature characteristic of Gothic depictions of the human body 4. A dance that was common at Medieval parties and religious gatherings

3. A graceful curvature characteristic of Gothic depictions of the human body

This illuminated manuscript (Abraham, Sarah, and the Three Strangers)belonged to: 1. The bishop of Chartres cathedral 2. Bernard of Clairvaux 3. The king of France 4. A monastic order

3. The king of France

Which of these cities was the European capital of illuminated manuscript production in the later middle ages? 1. Rome 2. Paris 3. Cologne 4. Florence

2. Paris

Christians regarded the "three strangers" in this Old Testament story as a reference to which Christian doctrine or concept?(Abraham, Sarah, and the Three Strangers) 1. The Trinity 2. Salvation 3. Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise 4. Christ's birth, death, and resurrection

1. The Trinity

The intertwined forms on the borders of this image (Abraham, Sarah, and the Three Strangers)recall the decorative elements on: 1. The Book of Kells 2. The façade of St. Pantaleon 3. The Arch of Titus 4. The Byzantine icon of the Virgin and Child with Saints and Angels

1. The Book of Kells

The "Gothic sway" of the angel on the left side of this image (Abraham, Sarah, and the Three Strangers)is closest to the pose of: 1. Polykleitos's Doryphorus 2. The figure of Eve on the Doors of Bishop Bernward 3. The gold statue of the Virgin and Child, donated to a French cathedral by the queen of France 4. The figure of Mary on the left side in the Daphni monastery Crucifixion mosaic

3. The gold statue of the Virgin and Child, donated to a French cathedral by the queen of France

The medium of this painting (Madonna Enthroned)is: 1. Fresco 2. Tempera on panel 3. Oil on canvas 4. None of the above

2. Tempera on panel

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The artist who created this image (Madonna Enthroned)was from 1. Germany 2. France 3. Italy 4. Greece

3. Italy

What is the name of Cimabue's famous pupil? 1. Giotto 2. Michelangelo 3. Botticelli 4. Leonardo

1. Giotto

Altarpieces are a category of religious image most closely associated with which of the following?

1. Baptism 2. Pilgrimage 3. The Eucharist 4. Monastic life

3. The Eucharist

Where would altarpieces like this one be located?(Madonna Enthroned) 1. In cemeteries 2. On altars in churches 3. In a reliquary 4. In Purgatory

2. On altars in churches

What was the main function of an altarpiece? 1. To give bored church-goers something to look at while they waited for Mass to conclude 2. To provide people who are taking the eucharist at Mass with an image to help them focus on the eucharist's significance for human salvation 3. To mark the burial place of fallen warriors who died while defending the Christian faith

2. To provide people who are taking the eucharist at Mass with an image to help them focus on the eucharist's significance for human salvation

The four figures at the bottom of this image(Madonna Enthroned) are:

1. Apostles 2. Old Testament prophets 3. Martyr saints 4. Angels without wings

2. Old Testament prophets

In this painting(Madonna Enthroned), the style of the drapery in the Virgin Mary's robe is closest to the drapery of the figures in which of the following images? 1. The Roman Traveling Musicians mosaic 2. The Byzantine Pantocrator mosaic 3. The Book of Kells 4. The Gothic Psalter of Saint Louis

2. The Byzantine Pantocrator mosaic

In this image(Giotto, Madonna Enthroned,), the throne in which the Virgin Mary's sits is closest in style to which of the following?

1. Egyptian architecture 2. Greco-Roman architecture 3. Romanesque architecture 4. Gothic architecture

4. Gothic architecture

Compared to Cimabue's Madonna Enthroned, Giotto's version is: 1. Earlier and more naturalistic

2. Earlier and more abstract 3. Later and more naturalistic 4. Later and more abstract

3. Later and more naturalistic

Which of the following authors from your readings makes reference to Giotto and Cimabue?

1. Lucian 2. Pope Gregory the Great 3. Bernard of Clairvaux 4. Dante Alighieri

4. Dante Alighieri

What is the point of Dante's reference in his Divine Comedy to the painters Giotto and Cimabue? 1. In the history of art, great artists always tend to appear in pairs 2. Giotto is overrated, and his teacher Cimabue was actually the better artist 3. Unlike the manuscript illuminator Oderisi, Giotto and Cimabue were not prideful about their art, and therefore would not suffer the torments that Oderisi suffers in Purgatory

4. The pride that many great artists have in their art is a sin, and can result in their having to spend time in Purgatory after death

4. The pride that many great artists have in their art is a sin, and can result in their having to spend time in Purgatory after death???

The word "Scrovegni" in the name "Scrovegni Chapel" refers to: 1. The subject matter of this work

2. The person who commissioned this work 3. The city in which this work is located 4. The style of this work

2. The person who commissioned this work

The person who commissioned these frescos (Scenes from the Lives of Mary and Jesus and The Last Judgment,

Fresco, Scrovegni Chapel)was a: 1. Priest 2. Monk 3. Painter 4. Banker

4. Banker

Enrico Scrovegni's father is referred to in a book by which of these authors?

1. Lucian 2. Pope Gregory the Great 3. Bernard of Clairvaux 4. Dante Alighieri

4. Dante Alighieri

In Dante's Divine Comedy, what sin is Enrico Scrovegni being punished for? 1. Lust (sexual desire) 2. Vanity (excessive preoccupation with and pride in one's physical appearance) 3. Usury (lending money at interest) 4. Blasphemy (swearing, especially against God)

3. Usury (lending money at interest)

The story of the "Last Judgment" is told in which book of the Bible? 1. Genesis 2. Exodus 3. The Gospel of Luke 3. The Book of Revelation

3. The Book of Revelation

In representations of the Last Judgment, the damned are placed: 1. On Christ's left 2. On Christ's right

3. Above Christ 4. There was no fixed convention for their placement

1. On Christ's left

In representations of the Last Judgment, the blessed (those who go to heaven) are placed: 1. On Christ's left 2. On Christ's right 3. Above Christ 4. There was no fixed convention for their placement

2. On Christ's right

In Giotto's scene of Hell, what sin is the person hanging from his tongue probably being punished for? 1. Lust (sexual desire) 2. Vanity (excessive preoccupation with and pride in one's physical appearance) 3. Usury (lending money at interest) 4. Blasphemy (swearing, especially against God)

4. Blasphemy (swearing, especially against God)

In Giotto's scene of Hell, what sin are the people hanging from their genitals probably being punished for? 1. Lust (sexual desire) 2. Vanity (excessive preoccupation with and pride in one's physical appearance) 3. Usury (lending money at interest) 4. Blasphemy (swearing, especially against God)

1. Lust (sexual desire)

In what way does Giotto's Last Judgment appear to contradict Jesus's words in the Bible? 1. Giotto shows Angels without wings 2. Giotto shows demons tormenting the lustful 3. Giotto shows poor people entering heaven last, after the wealthy ones 4. Giotto depicts priest and members of religious orders being tormented in hell

3. Giotto shows poor people entering heaven last, after the wealthy ones

What is Enrico Scrovegni shown doing where he appears in this fresco? 1. ascending into heaven

2. donating a building to holy figures 3. suffering in hell with the usurers 4. suffering in hell with the lustful

2. donating a building to holy figures