Cranial Nerves Head and Neck Anatomy

Cranial Nerve Pneumonic

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What are the 4 cranial nerves that carry parasympathetic function?

Occulomotor III, Vestibulocochlear VIII, Glossopharyngeal IX, Vagus X (VOVG)

Cranial Nerve Sense nmeumonic

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Olfactory I sensory

Sensory - Smell

Olfactory II foramen

Olfactory foramina cribriform plate

Optic !! Sensory

Sensory - Vision

optic nerve II foramen

optic canal

Oculomotor supplies which extrinsic eye muscles

Superior, inferior, medial rectus, inferior oblique

Trochlear IV supplies which extrinsic eye muscle

Superior Oblique

Abducens VI supplies which extrinsic eye muscle

Lateral rectus

Oculomotor supplies which intrinsic eye muscles by which parasympathetic fibers?

Ciliary muscle, constrictor pupillae muscle

Oculomotor III sensory

Motor - extrinsic eye muscles of inferior, superior, and medial rectus and inferior oblique, parasympathetic intrinsic eye muscles ciliary muscles and constrictor pupillae

Trochlear IV sensory

Motor - supplies superior oblique

Abducens VI Sensory

motor - supplies lateral rectus

Trigeminal V Sensory

Both, sensory of skin of face, eyeball, nasal and oral cavity
Motor - mastication muscles, anterior bell digastric, mylohyoid, tensor palati

Facial VII Sensory

Motor to facial muscles, platysma, posterior belly digastric, stylohyoid
Sensory of taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue
Parasympathetic of lacrimal, nasal and salivary glands

Vestibulocochlear VIII Sensory

sensory of hearing (cochlear part) and equilibrium (vestibular part)

What nerve innervates the vestibule?

Vestibular part of Vestibulocochlear nerve

Glossopharyngeal (IX) sensory

sensory to posterior 1/3 of tongue
motor to stylopharyngeus muscle
Parasympathetic supply salivary gland

Vagus X sensory

Sensory to taste (from the epiglottis)
Motor to muscles of larynx and palate and constrictors of pharynx
Parasympathetic to thoracic and abdominal organs

Accessory XI Sensory

Motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

Hypoglossal XII sensory

motor to all intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue

The nerves carrying taste sensation are ______, ______, ______

Facial (ant 2/3), glossopharyngeal (post 1/3), and vagus (epiglottis)

The nerves containing only motor fibers are ______. ______, _____, ______

Occulomotor, Trochlear, Abducens, Accessory and Vagus

What is the sensory for each portion of the trigeminal nerve?

Opthalmic V1 and Maxillary V2 are sensory, Mandibular V3 is both sensory and motor

Opthalmic Nerve (V1) foramen

superior orbital fissure

Maxillary V2 foramen

foramen rotundum

Mandibular nerve V3

foramen ovale

What nerves are included in the Opthalmic V1?

Frontal, nasociliary and lacrimal

frontal nerve

Opthalmic Nerve along roof of orbit, has supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves

Lacrimal Nerve

Opthalmic Branch
passes laterally and carries sensation from the lateral part of the upper eyelid and lacrimal gland.

supraorbital nerve

Facial nerve - passes through the supraorbital foramen (or notch) upward to the forehead. It carries sensations from the skin of the forehead, anterior scalp and frontal sinus.

Supratrochlear nerve

Facial nerve - passes upward medial to the supraorbital nerve. It carries sensations from the skin of the medial part of the upper eyelid and forehead.

Nasociliary nerve

Opthalmic- branches include: ciliary nerves, posterior ethmoidal, anterior ethmoidal (external and internal nasal nerves are branches), infratrochlear

Ciliary nerves

Nasociliary: carry sensations from the eyeball.

Posterior ethmoidal Nerve

Nasociliary: carries sensations from the sphenoidal sinus

Anterior ethmoidal nerve

branch of nasociliary, has 2 branches: external nasal nerve which carries sensations from the skin of apex of the nose, and internal nasal nerve which carries sensations from the upper part of the nasal cavity and ethmoidal sinuses

nerve responsible for lacrimal secretion

cranial nerve Facial VII

Infratrochlear nerve

Branch of nasociliary, carries sensations from the skin of the external nose (except the ala and the apex).

Maxillary nerve V2 branches

infraorbital (middle and anterior superior alveolar nerves and terminal facial branches), zygomatic nerve (zygomaticofacial and zygomaticotemporal), posterior superior alveolar, greater palatine (lateral nasal nerves), lesser palatine and nasopalatine

What are the branches of the zygomatic nerve (maxillary v2)?

zygomaticofacial nerve and zygomaticotemporal nerve

Zygomaticotemporal nerve (v2)

which passes superiorly to supply skin of the temporal region anteriorly.

Zygomaticofacial nerve (v2)

passes through zygomaticofacial foramen to supply skin of the lateral side of the cheek

posterior superior alveolar nerve

Passes along the maxillary tuberosity and enters through the posterior superior alveolar foramina to reach the teeth. It carries sensations from the maxillary second and third molars and the palatal and distal buccal root of the first molar, and the maxillary sinus. (11)

What are the branches of the infraorbital nerve? (V2)

Middle superior alveolar, anterior superior alveolar, and terminal facial branches (MAT)

Middle superior alveolar nerve

r runs along the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus. It carries sensations from the maxillary premolar teeth and mesiobuccal root of the maxillary first molar, and the maxillary sinus

anterior superior alveolar nerve

passes along the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus. It carries sensations from the maxillary incisors, canine, and the maxillary sinus (3)

Terminal Facial Branches

pass through the infraorbital foramen to supply the skin of the lower eyelid, ala of the nose, medial side of the cheek and upper lip.

Infraorbital block

infraorbital foramen, anesthetizes the infraorbital nerve as well as both the anterior and middle superior alveolar nerves