Period 4 APUSH helpful notes

Transcendentalism

Romantic tradition, which held that every individual can reach ultimate truths through spiritual intuition, which transcends reason and sensory experience.

Ralph Waldo Emerson

American transcendentalist who was against slavery and stressed self-reliance, optimism, self-improvement, self-confidence, and freedom. He was a prime example of a transcendentalist and helped further the movement.

Shakers

Utopian group that prohibited marriage and sexual relationships; practiced celibacy

Oneida

Free love, shared property, men, women, prospered off silverware

William Lloyd Garrison

United States abolitionist who published an anti-slavery journal (1805-1879) The Liberator

Eli Whitney

invented the cotton gin and interchangeable parts

Harriet Tubman/Sojourner Truth/Fredrick Douglass

free slaves advocated for abolition

Aristocracy

Group of the most white wealthy and privileged

Washington Irving

American writer remembered for the stories "Rip Van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow," contained in The Sketch Book (1819-1820).

Timothy Dwight

Started 2nd great awakening

camp meetings

religious and social gatherings used by the Methodist and Baptist churches to recruit members

2nd Great Awakening

Religious movement that appealed to rising middle class, hard-work and strength to not suffer damnation, led to social reforms

War of 1812

Created a national identity, U.S v Britain over impressment of U.S ships

Whigs (A.J)

Strong Federal Gov, protective tariffs, internal improvements, national bank, loose construction

Democratic Republicans (T.J)

Strict construction, state rights advocate, agrarian, no internal improvements, no tariffs/taxes, no national bank