Physics: Radioactivity, Energy, Work

describe what is meant by background radiation.(2)

radiation always present around the back

Sun is an example of background radiation

activity x time taken = constant

use data from the graph to determine if this relationship is correct. (4)

data point

multiplying them together

repeat different point

the data is not constant so not incorrect

what assumption have you made.(2)

all GPE stored into KE

no wind

The energy required for the nut to break is approximately 0.3 J.

Suggest why at a height of 6.1 m the bird has to throw the nut rather than just dropping it from the rest. (1)

idea of bird having to do work

Give 2 safety precautions to minimise the risk of harm to the teacher from the radiation emitted by the protactinium generator.(2)

Minimise exposure.
wear gloves

(2)

140/70 = 2 half lives

840/2/2 = 210

(2)

P is a good absorber
Q is a poor absorber

The question on the picture

P was both absorbing and emitting

when reaches a temp

rate of absorb = rate of emission

(2)

gamma more penetrating

gamma can penetrate through to the surface

Give the name of a suitable detector to detect the gamma radiation.(1)

GM tube

suggest why this gamma source should have a short half - life.(1)

stop water becoming contaminated

the question on the picture

energy is being used
and transferred to kinetic energy

thermal energy is wasted

energy transferred to surroundings by radiation