#6.5 Hindbrain & Midbrain

encephalon

means "within the head"

swellings

Developing brain has three __________ which will eventually develop into adult forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain

Telencephalon, Diencephalon, Mesencephalon, Metencephalon, Myelencephalon

Before birth, the three swellings become five. It becomes the five divisions of adult brain < (5,)

Medulla

Hindbrain < regulates heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration

Medulla

Hindbrain < most posterior division of the brain

Medulla

Hindbrain < roles in sleeping, sneezing, and coughing

Reticular Formation

Medulla < complex network of 100 tiny nuclei that runs along the midline of brainstem from medulla up into midbrain

Reticular Formation

Medulla < plays important role in regulation of sleep and arousal (comatose have problems here)

Cranial Nerves

Medulla < control reflexes (breathing, heart rate, vomit, salivation, cough, sneeze)

Pons

Hindbrain < "bridge" in latin

Pons

Hindbrain < Anterior and ventral to the medulla

Pons

Hindbrain < transmits info abt body movements & Involvements on attention, sleep, and arousal, and respiration

Cochlear nucleus

Pons < receives information about sound

Vestibular nucleus

Pons < receives information about the position and movement of head. Helps in keeping our balance

Raphe nuclei

Pons < regulation of sleep and arousal

Locus Coeruleus

Pons < participates in arousal

Cerebellum

Hindbrain < "little brain" in latin

Cerebellum

Large hindbrain structure with many deep folds

Cerebellum

Hindbrain < important sensorimotor structure - coordinating and control of movements, maintaining muscle tone, regulating balance, and speech production

cerebellum

alcohol affects what part of hindbrain?

Cerebellum

Hindbrain < damage affects skilled movements and speech production

Tectum

roof/dorsal/top half of the midbrain

Tectum

"roof" in latin

Tectum

midbrain < covers the tegmentum

Tectum

composed of 2 pairs of bumps or swellings

colliculi

little hills or swellings

Inferior colliculi

Tectum < Posterior pair

Inferior colliculi

Tectum < Auditory function

Inferior colliculi

Tectum < Includes auditory reflex (turning of head on loud noise direction), and localization of sounds in an environment

Superior colliculi

Tectum < Anterior pair

Superior colliculi

Tectum < Visual-motor function, specifically visual

Superior colliculi

Tectum < to direct the body's orientation toward/away from particular visual stimuli

Superior colliculi

Tectum < Also includes variety of visual reflex - changing of pupil size in response to light condition

Tegmentum

intermediate level/ventral/bottom half of the midbrain

Tegmentum

"covering" in latin

Tegmentum

covers several other midbrain structures

Periaqueductal Gray

Tegmentum < gray matter that is situated around cerebral aqueduct

Periaqueductal Gray

Tegmentum < has important role in perception of pain specifically mediating the analgesic (pain-reducing) effects of opioid drugs

Periaqueductal Gray

Tegmentum < where endorphins can be found

Substantia Nigra

literally means "black stuff"

Substantia Nigra

Tegmentum < motor nuclei that is an important component of sensorimotor system

Parkinson's disease

Substantia nigra's degeneration occurs in ________

Red Nuclei

Tegmentum < located within the reticular formation

Red Nuclei

Tegmentum < communicates motor information between spinal cord and the cerebellum